Toona sinensis mainly has the following diseases in the process of planting conservation management. The prevention and control methods are described below for reference.
(I) Torreya grandis
1. Torreya tuberculosis disease is the outflow of mucus from the wound of the trunk, and the mucus becomes yellowish-white gel after encountering air. Flow plasticity is the same type of phenomenon manifested by many kinds of diseases. The reasons are complex, such as resinous disease, foot rot, sclerotinia and sunburn, insect injury, and frostbite. This disease is the most common disease in the main producing areas of Taihe camphora, and it mainly damages the old trees and near-, over- and over-mature forests with damage.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: 1 Avoid mechanical damage and insect injury, strengthen management, increase tree vigor, and promote rapid healing of wounds; 2 Disinfect in winter, scrape and remove plastic lumps and decayed cortex and wood in the lower part, concentrate and burn them.
(2) Biological control: (1) Increase the use of organic fertilizers to prevent drought, aphid, and freezing injury, strengthen vigor, and enhance tree resistance; (2) Paint white trunks to prevent sunburn.
(3) Chemical control: 1 After scraping off the lesions, disinfect with 20% antibacterial agent 401; 2 Spray the trunk with 40% synergistic omethoate 5 times solution l:l against diesel and 50% ethyl thiophanate 500 times solution; 3 Apply medicine in the growing season in time, spray 600 times 50% super carbendazim WP or 600-800 times 72% DuPont Kelu wettable powder every 10-15 days; 4 kill pests and reduce secondary infection. Insect pests are generally leaf-feeding pests, mostly tussock moths and moths. They occur in summer and autumn. Spraying omethoate, kung fu, and enemy killing can be eliminated.
(b) Toona sinensis leaf rust
1, Torreya grandis leaves rust damage the leaves, the damaged plant growth and weakness, early defoliation, affect the following year, the yield of toadstool. On the front and back sides of the blade, there are orange-yellow dots (the uredia spores of the pathogen), which are scattered or grouped. There are many leafy backs, and when it is severe, the whole leaf can be spread. The dark brown dots appear on the back of the later leaves (the fungal winter sporocyte heap ), causing the leaves to fall off earlier.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: Remove diseased leaves in winter to reduce the source of initial infection.
(2) Biological control: 1 Timely irrigation and drainage to reduce humidity and create conditions unfavorable to the occurrence of diseases; 2 Reasonable fertilization, avoiding excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and promoting strong growth of camphor and improving disease resistance; 3 Reasonable Close planting, pay attention to ventilation, improve the forest microclimate, reduce the disease.
(3) Chemical control: 1 It was found that when orange yellow uredia spores appeared on the leaves of Toona sinensis, 0.3 Baume degree lime sulfur was sprayed, or 15% triterpenoid wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid or 15% wettable triadimefon 600 was used. Doubling liquid spraying or 20% tetrafencarb EC 40-70 ml. 2 The frequency of spraying depends on the severity of the disease. When the summer spores begin, with 0.2-0.3 Baume degree lime sulfur, spraying every 15 days, each time about 100 kg per mu, even spray 2-3 times, with good results.
(3) Toona sinensis powdery mildew
1. Powdery mildew mainly damages leaves and sometimes invades shoots. White powder was formed on the surface of leaves, leaves, and twigs. It was initially yellow on the white powder layer at later stages, and gradually turned into yellow-brown to black-brown small-sized dots, that is, closed cysts of pathogens. The lesions on the leaves were much less obvious, yellow-white patches, affecting the growth of the crown and the growth of the trees; the curls were coked when severe, and the tender twigs were distorted after being infected, and finally died.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: timely removal of diseased and diseased leaves, centralized stacking treatment or burning, and reduction of initial infection sources.
(2) Biological control: (1) Strengthen tending management, attach importance to nurturing strong seedlings, make plants grow robustly, enhance the growth potential and disease resistance of the tree; 2 reasonably dense planting, timely pruning and leafing, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and improve disease resistance; 3Appropriate fertilization, base fertilizer need to increase phosphorus and potash fertilizer, avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer during growth.
(3) Chemical control: 1Spore of lime powder before germination can be sprayed once; b. Control of pesticide before or at the early stage of germination of Toona sinensis, select 40% of Fuxing EC 8000-10000 times solution or use 30% of TPU. Wettable powder 5000 times liquid, 6% Le Bifeng WP 4,000 times, 40% polysulfide suspension 600 times or Wuycin 200 times, evenly sprayed leaves; 210-20 days control 1, visual Disease prevention and treatment 1-3 times.
(D) Dry Blight of Toona sinensis
1, camphor area is more common in harming young trees. Nursery found more, the infection rate is high. Those who suffered from light were dead and all died. Poor tree vigor or young shoots often occur. In the early stages of infection, the epidermis of the damaged parts of the branches became discolored and brown. When the dense skin black spots appear in the late epidermis, the branches gradually die. The damaged parts of the branches are heavier on the sun-facing side and the shady side is lighter.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: (1) Remove the diseased branches and diseased leaves in time, concentrate on stacking or burning, and reduce the source of initial infection; (2) Trunk whitening in winter and spring;
(2) Biological control: 1 Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and tending, increase tree vigor, increase disease resistance, and prevent infection; 2 mix shades of other tree species to prevent sunburn or freezing cracks; 3 rational pruning and reduce wounds.
(3) Chemical control: 1 In the initial lesion, make some small holes deep into the xylem, and then spray 70% thiophanate 200 times for prevention; 2 wounds are coated with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulfur.
(v) Purple feather disease
1. It mainly harms the roots and rhizosphere of the citron, causing the bark at the base of the trunk to rot, causing the trees to die. The young roots of the trees first infested and gradually spread to the thicker main and lateral roots. The root cause loses its original luster and becomes yellow-brown afterwards. It eventually turns black and rots, and easily peels the cortex and xylem. The surface of the skin has a purple velveteen mycelial layer. In the rainy season, the hyphae can spread to 6-7 cm above the ground or trunk. The mycelial layer is about 2 cm thick and has a mushroom flavor. The damaged trees grow weak and gradually yellow, and they gradually die when they die.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: 1 Seedling quarantine, diseased seedlings were found, and the diseased section was cut off; 2 diseased plants were found in the afforestation site, the soil was cut open, the roots were cut off, and then covered with sterile soil.
(2) Biological control: 1 Increase organic fertilizer; grow green manure; 2 Avoid low-lying water, afforestation, sand-adhesion, trench-diverting drainage, strengthen drainage and maintenance management to enhance disease resistance; 3 Torreya grandis afforestation land Do not use hedgehogs for windbreaks.
(3) Chemical control: (1) Seedling immersed in 1% copper sulfate solution, or 20% lime water or 50% dexamethasone aqueous solution 1000 times before seedlings are soaked in 10-15 minutes; 2 with 50% dexamethasone. Aqueous solution 100-150 times liquid, 40% Formamide arsenic wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 2 degrees lime sulfur, 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder 50-100 times toxic soil, or 20% ferrous sulfate for afforestation Disinfection.
(6) Blight of Toona sinensis
1, Blight refers to a phenomenon that causes root rot, which is prone to occur under conditions of high temperature and high humidity. Seedling stage showed bud rot, tripping and standing, and the roots and leaves of large seedlings rotted. The cortex of the diseased section was first reddish-brown, and then dark brown, flowing, rotted, and the leaves fell off and died.
2. Control measures
(1) Physical control: Quarantine seedlings, diseased seedlings, and cut diseased parts.
(2) Biological control: 1 Suitable time for seedlings to prevent over-tightness; 2 When selecting sites, afforestation should be avoided in low-lying water areas, sand mixing, trenching drainage, and water retention; 3 Do not use hedgehogs for windbreak forests.
(3) Chemical control: (1) Remove diseased plants in time, disperse lime in diseased cavities, or irrigate roots with 50% dexamethasone 800 times; (2) immerse roots with 5% lime water or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 15-30 Minutes or spray rootstock with 50% Zelenol 1000 times.
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