Bitter gourd is a typical heat-resisting summer dish, which takes about 6-7 months to be marketed in open cultivation. It can be listed in greenhouse cultivation more than 1 month in advance.
(1) Variety selection
Suitable balsam pear varieties for cultivation in greenhouses include: Sichuan Changbai bitter gourd, Hunan Blue Mountain bitter gourd, Jiangxi Yangzizhou bitter gourd, Ji'an white bitter gourd and so on.
(2) Cultivate strong seedlings
In mid-January, greenhouse electric nursery nursery, nutrition 钵 钵 root protection. The bitter gourd seeds have shell-like hard shells that need to be boiled with boiled water or warm water. When they are not hot, they are soaked at room temperature (around 25°C) for 24 to 28 hours, removed, washed, and wrapped in 30-35. The germination can be carried out in 7-10 days under the condition of °C. Every 667 square meters (1 acre) of greenhouse need about 200 grams of seed.
(3) Colonization
When there are 4-5 leaves in the middle or late February, they are planted on a 1.2-meter-wide sorghum planted in Liangou, planted one row with 0.5-meter spacing, and planted 1,100 plants per 667 square meters.
(4) Management after planting
1 greenhouse temperature control humidity. After the planting, the seedlings were kept in the greenhouse and the temperature was reduced and the seedlings were eased. The antifreeze should be warmed before the end of March and be properly ventilated during the day. Before the end of April, pay attention to insulation at night and pay attention to ventilation and humidity during the day. After May, ventilation and cooling were the main factors. Ventilation began when the temperature reached 30°C in the afternoon and stopped when the temperature in the afternoon shed fell to 25°C. In June, the greenhouse undercover membrane was removed and the roof membrane was kept rainproof.
2 fertilizer and water management. Bitter gourd is hi and wet, and it has high yield and good quality under sufficient conditions of water and fertilizer. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Although the bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, the seedling stage has weak fertility. If the fertilizer is thicker, it will burn the seedlings. Therefore, the top dressing must be light and heavy. After transplanting, 10% diluted manure water can be used in the seedling stage, and 1-2 times of heavy fertilizer should be applied during the vigorous growth period and the flowering result period of the vine and leaf, and 25-30 kilograms of compound fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters. Once harvested, topdressing once with a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The characteristics of water management are: After the seedlings grow slowly, they can properly control the moisture and keep the soil moist. In the rainy season, drainage should be cleared in time.
3 pruning, scaffolding. The bitter gourd has strong branching, and the cultivation density of the greenhouse is large, and it is easier to produce vine leaves too dense, poor ventilation and light transmission, air consumption of nutrients, affecting the yield and the commercial nature. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pruning and cultivate it with a stand. When using vines and tendrils, take the trusses or arches and trapezoidal frames in time to introduce vines to the shelves. The bitter gourd is dominated by the main vine, and the side vines are removed. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, several side vines can also be left in the later period to increase the later yield. At the same time, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed at any time in the middle and late stages of production to facilitate ventilation.
4 Artificially assisted pollination. Because bitter gourd ripening temperature is low, sheds open little, air flow in the shed is small, and there is little insect pollination, natural pollination is difficult, so artificial pollination, and with 20-40 mg / l 2,4-d smear female pedicels or young Melon, in order to increase the fruit-bearing rate of bitter gourd, to overcome the melon, promote melon expansion, increase production.
(5) The bitter gourd is harvested for the edible of tender guava and it is timely to harvest in 12-15 days after flowering. Generally, the fruits are fully grown and the corolla is dry and dry. Early-stage cultivation of greenhouses began in mid-to-late April. It produced 2,500 kilograms per 667 square meters and yielded considerable benefits.
(1) Variety selection
Suitable balsam pear varieties for cultivation in greenhouses include: Sichuan Changbai bitter gourd, Hunan Blue Mountain bitter gourd, Jiangxi Yangzizhou bitter gourd, Ji'an white bitter gourd and so on.
(2) Cultivate strong seedlings
In mid-January, greenhouse electric nursery nursery, nutrition 钵 钵 root protection. The bitter gourd seeds have shell-like hard shells that need to be boiled with boiled water or warm water. When they are not hot, they are soaked at room temperature (around 25°C) for 24 to 28 hours, removed, washed, and wrapped in 30-35. The germination can be carried out in 7-10 days under the condition of °C. Every 667 square meters (1 acre) of greenhouse need about 200 grams of seed.
(3) Colonization
When there are 4-5 leaves in the middle or late February, they are planted on a 1.2-meter-wide sorghum planted in Liangou, planted one row with 0.5-meter spacing, and planted 1,100 plants per 667 square meters.
(4) Management after planting
1 greenhouse temperature control humidity. After the planting, the seedlings were kept in the greenhouse and the temperature was reduced and the seedlings were eased. The antifreeze should be warmed before the end of March and be properly ventilated during the day. Before the end of April, pay attention to insulation at night and pay attention to ventilation and humidity during the day. After May, ventilation and cooling were the main factors. Ventilation began when the temperature reached 30°C in the afternoon and stopped when the temperature in the afternoon shed fell to 25°C. In June, the greenhouse undercover membrane was removed and the roof membrane was kept rainproof.
2 fertilizer and water management. Bitter gourd is hi and wet, and it has high yield and good quality under sufficient conditions of water and fertilizer. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Although the bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, the seedling stage has weak fertility. If the fertilizer is thicker, it will burn the seedlings. Therefore, the top dressing must be light and heavy. After transplanting, 10% diluted manure water can be used in the seedling stage, and 1-2 times of heavy fertilizer should be applied during the vigorous growth period and the flowering result period of the vine and leaf, and 25-30 kilograms of compound fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters. Once harvested, topdressing once with a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The characteristics of water management are: After the seedlings grow slowly, they can properly control the moisture and keep the soil moist. In the rainy season, drainage should be cleared in time.
3 pruning, scaffolding. The bitter gourd has strong branching, and the cultivation density of the greenhouse is large, and it is easier to produce vine leaves too dense, poor ventilation and light transmission, air consumption of nutrients, affecting the yield and the commercial nature. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pruning and cultivate it with a stand. When using vines and tendrils, take the trusses or arches and trapezoidal frames in time to introduce vines to the shelves. The bitter gourd is dominated by the main vine, and the side vines are removed. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, several side vines can also be left in the later period to increase the later yield. At the same time, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed at any time in the middle and late stages of production to facilitate ventilation.
4 Artificially assisted pollination. Because bitter gourd ripening temperature is low, sheds open little, air flow in the shed is small, and there is little insect pollination, natural pollination is difficult, so artificial pollination, and with 20-40 mg / l 2,4-d smear female pedicels or young Melon, in order to increase the fruit-bearing rate of bitter gourd, to overcome the melon, promote melon expansion, increase production.
(5) The bitter gourd is harvested for the edible of tender guava and it is timely to harvest in 12-15 days after flowering. Generally, the fruits are fully grown and the corolla is dry and dry. Early-stage cultivation of greenhouses began in mid-to-late April. It produced 2,500 kilograms per 667 square meters and yielded considerable benefits.
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