I. Site Selection for Pepper Cultivation
(1) Pepper thrives in regions with an annual rainfall exceeding 400 mm, an effective accumulated temperature of over 2000°C above 10°C, and minimum temperatures not dropping below -19°C. These conditions ensure the plant can grow successfully without frost damage.
(2) When choosing a site, select the middle to lower parts of sunny or semi-sunny slopes. Sandy loam or loamy soils are ideal because they provide good drainage and aeration. In some cases, areas near villages, houses, valleys, or sheltered corners can also be suitable if they receive enough sunlight. Avoid low-lying areas that tend to hold water or clay soils, as these can lead to root rot and poor growth.
II. Site Preparation
On gentle slopes with a gradient of 20° or less, prepare planting platforms by following contour lines. Each platform should be 2 meters wide, with 3–4 meters between them. For steeper slopes (over 20°), use large fish-scale pits arranged in a "goods" shape. These pits should be 3 meters apart horizontally and 4 meters apart vertically, with a chord length of 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters deep, and 0.8 meters high. For high-yield planting, dig pits 1 meter in diameter and 0.8 meters deep.
III. Planting Density and Arrangement
The recommended spacing for pepper plants is 3 meters by 4 meters, resulting in a density of 55 holes per mu (approximately 55 plants per acre). This allows for optimal growth and air circulation. The arrangement follows a 50–60 cm equilateral triangle pattern, which helps maximize space utilization and light exposure.
IV. Seedling Preparation and Planting
(a) Seedlings must be handled carefully due to their sensitivity to water, wind, and sun. They should be lifted from the nursery with the roots intact, wrapped in moist cloth, and transported quickly to the planting site. It is best to plant them immediately after transport, avoiding long periods of exposure to open air.
(b) The best time to plant is in early autumn, before the leaves fall, or in spring when new shoots begin to emerge.
(c) Follow a strict planting procedure: root trimming, positioning, drying, slurry preparation, compression, rinsing, flooding, burial, spreading, and layering. This ensures healthy root development and strong establishment.
V. Post-Planting Management
For the first five years after planting, intercropping is possible but must leave a 2-meter-wide nutrition zone free of competition. Suitable intercrops include soybeans, alfalfa, peas, and shallow-rooted medicinal herbs. Avoid tall crops like flax, wheat, or sorghum, as they may shade the pepper plants. Weeding should be done 2–3 times annually, and irrigation should be provided during dry periods. Winter protection, such as seedling reinforcement and anti-freeze measures, is essential to prevent damage.
VI. Pest Control
Common pests include aphids, citrus yellow swallowtail butterflies, pepper weevils, and golden flowerworms.
- Aphids damage young shoots and flowers. Control using 40% Dimethoate Emulsion diluted at 1500 times, 70% Carbendazim at 800–1000 times, or 50% Triazophos Granules at 1000–2000 times.
- Citrus yellow swallowtail larvae feed on young leaves. Manually remove them or apply 50% Trichlorfon at 800–1000 times or 500 times Chrysanthemum-based insecticides.
- Pepper weevil adults feed on bark, while larvae destroy the inner layers. Use artificial trapping for adults and carbon disulfide sponges to target larvae.
- Golden flowerworms attack both leaves and shoots. Apply 50% Trichlorfon at 500–600 times, spraying 2–3 times for effective control.
By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure healthy and productive pepper cultivation.
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