In the first step, increasing the use of fertilizers and improving soil quality by incorporating a large amount of well-decomposed organic matter, along with the appropriate use of chemical fertilizers, can significantly enhance soil structure. This method helps convert the nitrogen found in organic materials into ammonium nitrogen, which is then further broken down by microorganisms into nitrite and nitrate forms. These inorganic nitrogen compounds become available for soil microbes to absorb and use in protein synthesis. As these microbial proteins decompose, they release nitrate nitrogen, which can be taken up by vegetable crops as a valuable nutrient source.
Secondly, when introducing new vegetable fields, it's advisable to start with crops that have lower water and nutrient requirements, such as peas, mustard, or onions. After cultivating 1-2 cycles of these low-demand vegetables, the soil will have improved in terms of fertility and structure, making it suitable for planting high-water and high-fertilizer crops like cabbage, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
Thirdly, implementing a rational crop rotation system not only ensures efficient use of soil nutrients and water but also maximizes the benefits of biological activity and fertilization, leading to higher yields and better quality produce. This practice also helps reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. In areas where conditions permit, integrating different crop rotations can further improve the ecological balance of the vegetable fields.
Fourthly, when applying chemical fertilizers in vegetable plots, it's important to maintain a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Avoiding excessive use of single-nitrogen fertilizers is crucial, as this can negatively affect plant growth and increase the accumulation of harmful salts in the vegetables.
Lastly, in regions where green manure is feasible, it's beneficial to grow green manure crops within the vegetable fields. This approach enhances soil fertility and promotes a sustainable, organic integration of land use, contributing to long-term soil health and productivity.
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