There are ten taboos for using chemical fertilizers

Urea should not be watered immediately after application. As a highly soluble fertilizer, urea is very mobile and can easily be lost through leaching or volatilization. After applying urea to dry soil, it's best to avoid watering right away and do not apply it just before heavy rain. This helps retain the nitrogen in the soil for better plant uptake. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied directly on the soil surface. It has a high volatility and can release ammonia gas, which may burn young plants. Therefore, it’s recommended to dig deep holes, place the fertilizer inside, and cover it with soil to minimize losses and protect seedlings. In greenhouses and enclosed growing environments, ammonium bicarbonate should be avoided. Known as “gas fertilizer,” it tends to decompose quickly into ammonia gas, which can be harmful to plants and reduce its effectiveness. Ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers should never be mixed with alkaline substances. When ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or other ammonium-containing fertilizers come into contact with alkaline materials like wood ash or lime, they can cause significant nitrogen loss. To preserve nutrient value, always keep them separate from such substances. Nitrate-based fertilizers are not suitable for paddy fields. The nitrate ions tend to leach easily with water, leading to denitrification and loss of nitrogen. This reduces fertilizer efficiency and can harm the environment. Ammonium sulfate should not be used for long periods. As a physiologically acidic fertilizer, it can degrade soil structure over time. In alkaline soils, the sulfate ions may react with calcium, making the soil hard and less productive. Phosphate fertilizers should not be scattered across the field. Phosphorus is not very mobile and tends to bind with soil particles, reducing its availability to plants. For better results, apply it in furrows or near the root zone, minimizing contact with the soil. Potash fertilizer should not be applied late in the crop growth cycle. Potassium can move from stems and leaves to the upper parts of the plant, so deficiencies usually appear later than nitrogen or phosphorus. It’s best to apply potassium early or as a base fertilizer to ensure adequate supply during critical growth stages. Chlorinated fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, should not be used long-term alone, especially on crops sensitive to chlorine. Continuous use can lead to chloride accumulation in the soil, disrupting nutrient balance and harming soil structure. Crops like sugarcane, sugar beet, watermelon, and tobacco may suffer reduced quality if exposed to excess chloride. Finally, avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers on legumes. Leguminous crops like soybeans, peanuts, mung beans, and alfalfa have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots. Over-application of nitrogen-rich fertilizers can waste resources and inhibit the natural nitrogen fixation process, ultimately reducing yield and soil health.

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