Anxi, a county located near Xiamen in southeastern Fujian Province, is renowned as the heartland of Longyan Oolong Tea. With a tea cultivation history dating back to the Tang Dynasty, it has long been recognized for its rich tea culture and favorable natural conditions. The region boasts a humid climate, lush mountains, and dense forests, creating an ideal environment for tea plants to thrive. Over centuries, local tea farmers have cultivated and refined numerous high-quality varieties, with more than 60 distinct types emerging. Among them, Tieguanyin, Huang Dan, Benshan, Hairy Crab, Large Leaf Oolong, and Meizhan are particularly famous, earning Anxi the title of "Treasure of the Tea Tree."
Tieguanyin, one of the most celebrated varieties, originates from Xiping Township in Anxi and has a history spanning over two centuries. Its origins are steeped in legend. One story tells of a farmer named Weiyin who, after a dream, was guided by Guanyin Bodhisattva to discover a unique tea plant. Another tale speaks of a man named Wang Shirang from Fuyang, who presented a tea leaf to the emperor, who then bestowed upon it the name "Tie Guan Yin," meaning "Iron Goddess of Mercy."
The production of Tieguanyin is distinctive. Unlike other teas that rely on tender buds, Tieguanyin is harvested when the leaves are fully open—known as "open-face picking." This method ensures the leaves are mature and rich in flavor. After careful withering, shaking, and oxidation, the leaves release their natural floral aroma before being pan-fired, rolled, and shaped into tight, round pellets. Finally, they are dried, sorted, and packaged for sale.
Tieguanyin is considered one of the finest oolong teas, known for its unique appearance: tightly curled leaves with a sandy green color, resembling crispy buns. When brewed, it produces a golden, amber infusion with a delicate orchid fragrance. The taste is smooth, fresh, and lingering, often described as having a "long-lasting aftertaste." It can be re-brewed multiple times, typically up to seven or more infusions, each revealing new layers of flavor.
To fully appreciate Tieguanyin, it's best served in small, elegant teaware. A small teapot and cups are used, with the tea left to steep for about five minutes initially, then re-brewed for another 2-3 minutes. The first sip highlights its aromatic complexity, while subsequent sips bring out the depth of its flavor. Though each serving may not be large, the experience is rich, satisfying, and unforgettable.
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