1. Cultivation Season: Straw mushrooms are a type of high-temperature fungus, with the mycelium thriving best in temperatures between 15-40°C, ideally around 30-35°C. The fruiting bodies grow optimally at 26-34°C, with an ideal temperature of 28-30°C. Due to their heat-loving nature, they are typically cultivated from June to August each year.
2. Cultivation Materials: Common substrates used for growing straw mushrooms include cottonseed hulls, straw, corn cobs, and wheat straw. These materials provide a suitable environment for the growth of the mushroom's mycelium and fruiting bodies.
3. Raw Material Formulation: Two common formulations are used. The first includes 100 parts of cottonseed hulls, 5 parts of wheat bran, 0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of superphosphate, 0.2 parts of carbendazim, 6 parts of lime, 0.1 part of insecticide, and 140 parts of water. The second formulation uses 80 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of cottonseed hulls, and similar amounts of other additives, along with 140 parts of water.
4. Heap Fermentation: After pre-wetting the raw materials, they should be piled into a heap 3-4 days later to initiate fermentation. It is important to mix the materials thoroughly, ensuring that the moisture content is around 65%. Too much moisture can lead to bacterial contamination. The fermentation process lasts 3-4 days, during which actinomycetes develop, giving off a wine-like smell. When the material turns brown, adjust its pH to 8-9 before moving it into the greenhouse for sowing.
5. Sowing in Greenhouse: Since most cultivation occurs during the hot summer months, unused greenhouses or arched structures are commonly used. The substrate should not be too thick—around 15 cm—and the beds should be about 60 cm wide and shaped in a wave pattern. You can either broadcast the spawn directly or use a layering method, drilling holes into the material. Cover the bed with a small plastic tent, ensuring proper ventilation. Seedlings usually appear within 7 days, and the first harvest can occur around day 10. During the high-temperature season, it’s important to mist the mushrooms regularly using water that matches the greenhouse temperature. Store excess water in the shed for future use.
6. Mushroom Management: The ideal temperature for mushroom growth is 26-34°C. Light conditions should be diffused, especially during early germination when light intensity should be low. From 4-5 days after planting until the end of the fruiting period, maintain good diffused lighting. Avoid direct sunlight and ensure adequate ventilation. During fruiting, spray the ground and air before ventilating to maintain humidity levels between 80-95%. Ventilate for about 20 minutes, 2-3 times daily, to ensure healthy growth and prevent disease.
7. Harvesting: Straw mushrooms are generally ready for harvest 10-12 days after sowing, once the buds reach the size of a quail egg. Harvest in the morning, evening, and late afternoon to avoid opening the caps, which could lower the quality of the product. Each mushroom can be harvested continuously for about 20 days. After each harvest, apply nutrient solutions to the surface of the substrate to extend the harvest period and increase yield. After each batch, spray the area with clear lime water (pH 12-14), ensuring the water temperature matches that of the greenhouse.
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