1. Cultivation Season: Straw mushrooms are a type of high-temperature fungus, with the mycelium thriving best in temperatures between 15-40°C, ideally around 30-35°C. The fruiting bodies grow well at 26-34°C, and the optimal temperature for fruiting is 28-30°C. Due to their heat-loving nature, they are typically cultivated from June to August each year.
2. Cultivation Materials: Common substrates include cottonseed hulls, straw, corn cobs, and wheat straw. These materials are widely available and suitable for mushroom growth when properly prepared.
3. Raw Material Formulation: Two common formulas are used:
- (1) Cottonseed hulls 100 kg, wheat bran 5 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kg, superphosphate 0.5 kg, carbendazim 0.2 kg, lime 6 kg, insecticide 0.1 kg, and water 140 liters.
- (2) Corn cobs 80 kg, cottonseed hulls 20 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kg, superphosphate 0.5 kg, carbendazim 0.2 kg, lime 6 kg, insecticide 0.1 kg, and water 140 liters.
4. Heap Fermentation: After pre-wetting the raw materials, they should be piled into heaps and allowed to warm up after 3-4 days. The mixture must be well blended, with moisture content controlled at around 65%. Too much moisture can lead to bacterial contamination. The fermentation process lasts 3-4 days, during which actinomycetes appear, and the material develops a wine-like smell. When the material turns brown, adjust its pH to 8-9 before moving it into the greenhouse for sowing.
5. Greenhouse Sowing: Since most straw mushroom cultivation occurs during the hot summer months, unused greenhouses or arched structures are commonly used. The substrate should not be too thick—ideally about 15 cm deep—and the beds should be 60 cm wide and shaped in waves. You can use either broadcasting or layer casting methods, drilling holes into the material layer. Cover the bed with a small plastic tent, ensuring proper ventilation. Seedlings usually appear within 7 days, and the first harvest can occur around day 10. During the high-temperature growing season, misting with water is essential. The water used for spraying should match the greenhouse temperature, and it's advisable to store some water in the shed for later use.
6. Mushroom Management: The ideal temperature for mushroom growth is 26-34°C. Light should be indirect and diffused; early on, the light should be weak. Four to five days after planting, until the end of the fruiting period, maintain consistent, low-intensity light. Avoid direct sunlight. During the fruiting stage, ventilation should be combined with misting. Before ventilating, spray water on the ground and air space to maintain humidity between 80-95%. Ventilate for about 20 minutes, 2-3 times daily, to ensure good air circulation and prevent disease.
7. Harvesting: Straw mushrooms are generally ready for harvesting 10-12 days after sowing, when the caps are the size of a quail egg. It’s best to harvest in the morning, evening, and late afternoon to avoid opening the umbrella cap, which reduces the product value. Each mushroom can be harvested continuously for approximately 20 days. After each harvest, apply nutrient solutions to the substrate to extend the harvest period and increase yield. After each batch, spray the surface with clear lime water (pH 12-14), ensuring the water temperature matches the greenhouse temperature to maintain optimal conditions for further growth.
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