Summer's high temperature, abundant rainfall, and ample sunlight are ideal for photosynthesis in crops, making it the most efficient growth period for nutrient uptake. During this time, crops require large amounts of nitrogen to synthesize amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Applying fertilizers during this phase ensures higher absorption efficiency. However, some farmers tend to apply nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer at sowing, which can lead to early inefficiency and nitrogen loss before the crop reaches its peak growth stage. This results in insufficient nutrients later, causing poor growth and reduced yield.
Many farmers believe that applying nitrogen fertilizer during summer is efficient, thinking it quickly dissolves into the soil and is easily absorbed. But improper application methods often waste fertilizers and pollute the environment. To achieve better yields, top-dressing should be done scientifically.
First, fertilize according to soil conditions. Different soils have varying pH levels and nutrient retention capacities. Conducting soil tests allows for tailored fertilizer choices. For example, acidic soils benefit from alkaline fertilizers like urea, while low-alkali soils may need acidic options like ammonium sulfate. Sandy soils should avoid volatile fertilizers like ammonium chloride.
Second, choose fertilizers based on their type. Some chemical fertilizers are salts and must be applied carefully. Mixing ammonium chloride with urea in paddy fields can reduce leaching, but it’s not suitable for saline soils. Potassium chloride-based fertilizers should be avoided for crops sensitive to chloride, such as watermelons or potatoes.
Third, adjust top-dressing based on crop type. Field crops mainly need nitrogen, while economic crops like vegetables or grapes also require potassium. For instance, applying half of the urea as basal fertilizer and the rest as top-dressing in July can improve nitrogen use by 10–20%. Each crop has different requirements, so timing and quantity matter.
Fourth, identify the best time for top-dressing. The critical growth stages for each crop determine when fertilizers should be applied. For wheat, this is during the jointing and heading stages, while corn benefits from fertilization after jointing. Timing ensures maximum nutrient absorption and yield improvement.
Fifth, manage the amount of fertilizer carefully. Over-application can cause lodging, disease, or premature maturation, while under-application fails to boost yields. Balanced nutrient supply is essential for optimal growth and quality.
In conclusion, proper top-dressing techniques—based on soil, crop, and timing—can significantly increase yield and sustainability. Farmers should adopt scientific practices to reduce waste and environmental impact.
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