(1) High-yield vegetables are rich in nutrients and absorb significantly more minerals compared to staple crops like rice. When compared to wheat, vegetables take up 40% more nitrogen, 20% more phosphorus, 1.92 times more potassium, and 4.3 times more calcium. With higher yields and multiple harvests per year, the demand for fertile soil is greater, and nutrient deficiencies can have a more severe impact on both the yield and quality of vegetables than on traditional field crops.
(2) Vegetable roots have a strong ability to absorb nutrients from the soil, which plays a key role in their growth and development. This makes them particularly sensitive to soil conditions and fertilizer application.
(3) Vegetables are often classified as nitrate-loving plants, meaning they respond well to nitrate-based fertilizers such as sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate. These types of fertilizers are quickly absorbed by the plants and can significantly boost production. However, overuse of nitrate fertilizers may lead to excessive accumulation of nitrates in the vegetables. When consumed, these nitrates can be converted into N-nitroso compounds, which may be harmful to human health. On the other hand, applying too much ammonium nitrogen fertilizer—such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, or ammonium chloride—can cause serious issues like root burn or nutrient imbalances. Therefore, it's important to carefully manage the ratio of different nitrogen sources. Ammonium nitrogen should generally not exceed one-quarter to one-third of the total nitrogen applied.
(4) Vegetable roots require a high level of oxygen for respiration. Poorly ventilated soils can hinder root function and reduce nutrient uptake. As a result, proper soil aeration is crucial in vegetable farming, and techniques like tilling or using raised beds are commonly employed to improve soil structure and promote healthy root growth.
(5) Most vegetables have a high demand for potassium. Among the various mineral elements that vegetables absorb—including those in eggplants, melons, root vegetables, and leafy greens—potassium is typically the most significant. Adequate potassium supply helps improve plant resilience, fruit quality, and overall yield.
(6) Vegetables are also high in calcium and have a higher requirement for boron compared to many other crops. They tend to accumulate various mineral elements from the soil, making them sensitive to contamination. Therefore, it is not advisable to use urban waste containing heavy metals as fertilizer in vegetable fields, as this could lead to toxic buildup in the plants and pose risks to consumers.
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