The stone frog, commonly known as the broiler frog, is a species of amphibian belonging to the family Ranidae. It is one of the largest edible frogs in China and is highly valued for its nutritional content, which is comparable to that of soft-shelled turtles. This species is not only a delicacy but also plays an important role in aquaculture due to its fast growth rate and high market demand.
When selecting breeding frogs, it's essential to choose healthy individuals during their natural spawning season, which typically occurs between May and August, with the peak spawning period taking place from late May to early June. Spawning usually happens twice a day, with each spawning event producing between 1,000 to 2,000 eggs. The second spawning generally yields fewer eggs than the first. For selection, frogs should be free from physical damage and show strong activity. Female frogs should weigh over 200 grams, while males should exceed 150 grams. Frogs purchased on the same day should be cleaned with clean water or a mild potassium permanganate solution (10–15 mg/kg) before being placed into clear plastic containers for transport or further processing.
In terms of equipment, the nursery houses are constructed with brick and concrete walls, approximately 1.5 meters high, and covered with white plastic tiles or solar panels to ensure adequate lighting. The floor must be cemented for easy cleaning and drainage. A 0.5 square meter area can accommodate about 10,000 fry. The size of the structure depends on the number of frogs being raised.
Nursery frames are made of wood, with a height of 70 cm, width of 40 cm, and length adjusted based on the number of seedlings. Seedling trays are made of rigid white plastic, with dimensions of 39.5 x 57.5 x 1.5 cm. Hatching screens are self-made wooden frames with a nylon mesh (80–100 mesh per square centimeter) stretched inside, measuring 31.5 x 51.5 x 3 cm. Automatic temperature control systems use electric heating rods set to maintain a temperature range of 16–32°C at 220 volts, with one tray per seedling.
Fertilizer enamel saucers with a diameter of around 8 cm are used for holding fertilizers or other substances. Syringes, including 1 ml syringes with 5-gauge needles and 20 ml syringes with 7.5-gauge needles, are necessary for various procedures. Tweezers made of thin, elastic stainless steel, no longer than 15 cm, are used for delicate handling. A dual-purpose pool made of brick and cement is used for water storage and precipitation, with a capacity of 1–2 tons.
Additional tools include thermometers, straws, stain-removing cloths, semen cloths, hormones, and medicines, all essential for proper care and breeding.
For artificial insemination, mature males weighing over 150 grams are selected, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 or 3:1. Female frogs weighing more than 200 grams are chosen, and once they enter estrus (usually after oxytocin injection), they are examined. If ova are visible when gently pressed, they are carefully extracted using tweezers and placed into a fertilization dish. Semen is then collected in the same way and mixed gently with a feather for 1–2 minutes. Clean water is slowly added, and the mixture is stirred gently for about a minute before the wastewater is removed. The fertilized eggs are then transferred to the hatching tray for incubation.
For artificial hatching, the process begins by placing the fertilized eggs on the hatching screen using tweezers, ensuring they float just below the water surface. Water temperature must match that of the fertilization dish. During incubation, the water is changed 1–2 times, with a temperature difference not exceeding 2°C. Unfertilized or dead eggs must be removed to prevent water contamination and ensure optimal development. Incubation duration depends on water temperature and oxygen levels, typically lasting 3–5 days.
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