Proper use of nitrogen fertilizers is essential for balanced crop growth and soil health. While various types of nitrogen-based fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture, each has specific application guidelines to maximize effectiveness and minimize environmental impact. Here are some key considerations for using different nitrogen fertilizers:
Ammonium bicarbonate contains approximately 17% nitrogen and is a fast-acting, physiologically neutral fertilizer. It is easily absorbed by plants and leaves no harmful residues in the soil. However, it is highly volatile, so it should be applied at least 3 cm below the surface and immediately covered with soil. Watering after application is also recommended. Due to its sensitivity to heat, ammonium bicarbonate is not suitable for use in greenhouses, where high temperatures can cause rapid decomposition into ammonia gas.
Ammonium chloride has a higher nitrogen content of around 25%. It is less hygroscopic and stable at room temperature, making it a reliable option under certain conditions. However, it is a physiological acid fertilizer that can increase chloride ion levels in the soil over time, potentially harming sensitive crops. Crops like rice, sorghum, millet, cotton, and spinach have good tolerance to chlorine, while others such as sweet potatoes, tobacco, tea, and citrus are more sensitive. These chlorine-sensitive crops should avoid ammonium chloride to prevent damage.
Ammonium sulfate contains about 21% nitrogen and is relatively stable. However, it is also a physiological acid fertilizer, which means long-term use can increase soil acidity and harm soil structure. In alkaline soils, the sulfate ions from ammonium sulfate may react with calcium, leading to soil hardening. Therefore, it should be used cautiously and not over-applied in the same area for extended periods.
Ammonium nitrate is a highly effective nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen content of about 34%. It is physiologically neutral and quickly available to plants. However, due to its high solubility, it can leach into deeper soil layers, especially in paddy fields, leading to nitrogen loss through denitrification. This makes it unsuitable for rice cultivation. On dry land, it should not be applied just before heavy rain or excessive irrigation, as this can wash away the nutrients and reduce efficiency.
Urea is the most concentrated solid nitrogen fertilizer, containing up to 46% nitrogen. It is stable, less hygroscopic, and water-soluble, making it a versatile and high-quality choice. However, urea must first convert into ammonium carbonate in the soil before being taken up by plants, resulting in a slower but longer-lasting effect. To maintain its effectiveness, it should be applied at a depth and covered properly. Avoid watering immediately after application, as this can cause leaching and reduce nutrient availability.
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