The stone frog, commonly known as the broiler frog, is a species of amphibian belonging to the family Ranidae. It is one of the largest edible frogs in China and is highly valued for its nutritional content, which is comparable to that of soft-shelled turtles. This species has gained popularity not only for its taste but also for its potential in aquaculture and sustainable farming.
When selecting breeding frogs, it's important to choose healthy individuals during their natural spawning season, which typically occurs between May and August, with the peak spawning period taking place from late May to early June. Frogs usually spawn twice a day, releasing between 1,000 and 2,000 eggs each time. The second spawning usually results in fewer eggs than the first. For selection, frogs should be free from physical damage and exhibit strong activity. Female frogs should weigh over 200 grams, while males should weigh more than 150 grams. When purchasing frogs, they should be washed with clean water or a diluted potassium permanganate solution (10–15 mg/kg) before being placed in clean plastic containers.
For the breeding setup, several key pieces of equipment are required. Nursery houses are constructed with brick-concrete walls, approximately 1.5 meters high, with white plastic tiles or solar panels on the roof to provide adequate lighting. The floor must be cemented to ensure proper drainage. A 0.5 square meter area can accommodate about 10,000 eggs. The size of the nursery depends on the scale of production. Nursery frames are made of wood, measuring 70 cm in height and 40 cm in width, with lengths adjusted according to the number of seedlings. Seedling trays are made of white hard plastic, with dimensions of 39.5 x 57.5 x 1.5 cm. Hatching screens are custom-made wooden frames covered with nylon mesh (80–100 mesh per square centimeter), with dimensions of 31.5 x 51.5 x 3 cm. Automatic temperature control systems use electric heating rods set to a range of 16–32°C, operating at 220 volts. Each tray is equipped with one heating rod. Fertilizer saucers, measuring around 8 cm in diameter, are used for feeding. Syringes (1 ml with a 5-gauge needle and 20 ml with a 7.5-gauge needle) are essential for handling small quantities of liquid. Tweezers made of thin, flexible stainless steel, no longer than 15 cm, are used for delicate operations. A dual-purpose pool, built with brick and cement, holds 1–2 tons of water for both precipitation and storage. Additional tools include thermometers, straws, cleaning cloths, semen cloths, hormones, and medicines.
In terms of operation procedures, artificial insemination requires careful preparation. Male frogs weighing over 150 grams are selected and paired with females in a ratio of 2:1 or 3:1. Females weighing over 200 grams are monitored closely. Once they show signs of estrus after being injected with oxytocin, they are examined. If eggs are released upon gentle pressure, they are immediately collected into a fertilization dish. Sperm is then added and gently mixed with a feather for 1–2 minutes. Clean water is slowly introduced, and the mixture is stirred for about a minute before discarding the waste. After washing, the fertilized eggs are moved to the hatching tray.
For artificial hatching, the process begins by placing the eggs on the hatching screen using tweezers, ensuring they float just below the water surface. Water temperature is carefully regulated to match the hatchery environment. During incubation, the water is changed 1–2 times, with a maximum temperature difference of 2°C. Unfertilized or dead eggs must be removed promptly to prevent water contamination and ensure proper embryonic development. The incubation period typically lasts 3–5 days, depending on water temperature and oxygen levels.
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