In late June, several counties in the summer maize region of Hebei Province experienced severe flood disasters, significantly impacting the production of summer maize. On June 27, areas such as Xinji City, Botou City, Hejian City, Xian County, and Hengshui City were hit by strong winds, heavy rain, and hail, affecting about 100,000 mu of corn. By June 29, storms and hailstorms struck Wuqiao County, Gucheng County, Raoyang County, Anping County, Luancheng County, Wuyi County, and Wuqiang County, with approximately 50,000 mu of summer corn affected in Raoyang alone. On the evening of July 5, high winds and hailstorms swept across the plains of the province, causing further damage to summer corn. Additionally, frequent locust infestations led to varying degrees of damage to young maize plants, necessitating immediate remedial actions.
**Several types of disaster damages have been observed:**
- **Damaged leaves:** Hail caused mechanical injury, resulting in spots, linear tears, or torn leaf tissues, which later turned necrotic and dry.
- **Blocked heart leaf development:** The undamaged young leaves were unable to unfurl properly due to tissue death, leading to curled and shriveled new leaves.
- **Seedling suffocation from flooding:** Many seedlings were knocked down by hail and heavy rain, then submerged in water, causing them to suffocate. This was especially severe in areas with surface runoff where seedlings were buried in mud.
- **Growth point rot:** After hail damaged most of the leaves, only some leaf sheaths remained alive. Excessive soil moisture following floods led to root hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, and eventually, rotting of the growth point near the base of the plant. This issue was more common in fields covered with wheat stalks, while spring-planted white maize suffered less.
**Post-disaster management measures include:**
- **Lifting fallen or flooded seedlings:** Some saplings were knocked over or submerged in water during the storm. Promptly raising these seedlings can help restore their growth quickly.
- **Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer:** Damaged seedlings often had reduced photosynthetic capacity. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, such as 10–15 kg of urea or 25–40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre, can aid recovery. Apply it in a ditch about 10 cm away from the plants.
- **Shallow cultivation:** Heavy rains after the storm caused overly wet soil, reducing oxygen availability for roots and slowing seedling regeneration. Early shallow tilling improves soil aeration and promotes root growth.
- **Unfolding curled heart leaves:** If the top leaves are curled and not opening properly, gently unfolding them by hand can help new leaves perform photosynthesis more effectively.
- **Replanting:** In areas where seedlings were severely damaged, replanting with shorter-season varieties like Tang Kang 5 can reduce yield loss.
- **Crop replacement:** In severely affected fields, consider planting crops with short growing periods, such as fresh corn, feed corn, mung beans, buckwheat, or leafy vegetables, to compensate for losses.
These measures aim to support the recovery of maize crops and minimize the impact of the recent disasters on agricultural production.
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