Hybrid cotton offers significant advantages over conventional varieties in terms of yield, quality, disease resistance, and adaptability. It is one of the most effective methods to boost cotton production. However, the development of hybrid cotton cultivation techniques has not kept pace with the progress in variety breeding. A number of key cultivation practices still need refinement, which limits the full potential of hybrid cotton's heterosis and productivity. To address this, we present standardized cultivation techniques tailored for the Yangtze Valley region, aiming to provide practical guidance for farmers.
**I. Selection of High-Quality and Medium-Maturing Hybrid Cotton Varieties**
In the main cotton-growing areas, the soil is typically loamy or sandy, with relatively high fertility. It is recommended to select medium-maturing, high-quality hybrid varieties that have a tall plant structure and high individual yield. Planting density should be carefully managed, with a spacing of 90–100 cm between plants, resulting in approximately 2,000 plants per acre. This helps maximize yield while ensuring good air circulation and light penetration.
**II. Nurturing Strong Seedlings**
Choose a sheltered, sunny location with good drainage and no history of wilt or Verticillium wilt. The seedbed should be well-prepared, with timely sowing and proper temperature and humidity control to ensure strong, healthy seedlings. Apply preventive sprays to protect against diseases and use appropriate fertilizers to strengthen weak seedlings. Two days before transplanting, water the seedlings to ensure they are well-hydrated. When transplanting, make sure each seedling is provided with "three essentials" — fertilizer, medicine, and water — to support their growth.
**III. Film Mulching and Transplanting Techniques**
After harvesting the previous crop, plow the land, apply fertilizer, and remove weeds. Then, cover the field with a thin plastic film (0.004–0.006 mm thick). For single-row planting, a 40–50 cm wide film is suitable, while double-row planting requires a 100 cm wide film. Before transplanting, dig holes slightly deeper than the height of the seedlings and place them upright. Cover the holes with fine soil to prevent moisture loss. After planting, water the roots and compact the film to secure it in place.
**IV. Fertilization Strategy for Optimal Growth**
Mulched transplanted cotton grows rapidly, leading to early flowering and increased nutrient uptake. Therefore, a balanced and timely fertilization plan is essential. The base fertilizer should include 20–25 kg of pure nitrogen, 6–8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 15–20 kg of potassium oxide, along with 0.5–1 kg of boron and zinc fertilizer. In insect-resistant hybrids, potassium deficiency can cause premature aging, so extra care is needed.
Apply a base fertilizer to support early growth, and after removing the mulch, add a relay fertilizer with rotted cake and urea to promote root development. Early application of flower and boll fertilizer is crucial, with two applications during the early flowering stage. Later, use top-dressing with potassium chloride to sustain growth. Throughout the growing season, monitor the crop and apply foliar sprays if necessary.
**V. Soil Cultivation and Weed Control**
Regular soil cultivation helps loosen the ground, increase temperature, and reduce lodging. Weeding should be done early for best results, using manual methods as the primary approach and chemical herbicides as a supplement. Pre-emergence herbicides like "Kinduer" and "G Without Trace" can be applied before covering the film, while post-emergence treatments are used for spot weeding.
**VI. Pest Management and Harvesting Practices**
During the seedling stage, monitor for snails, blind beetles, and red spider mites. Control measures should be taken promptly to avoid damage. During the budding stage, focus on pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, and bollworms, as well as diseases like wilt and Verticillium. Use targeted pesticides and apply foliar sprays to enhance plant resistance. In later stages, continue monitoring and controlling pests until late September.
Harvesting should be done scientifically, picking only mature bolls 5–7 days after opening. Avoid picking dewy or unripe bolls, and ensure clean, pollution-free collection. Use bags to collect cotton, dry it on bamboo mats, and sort it properly for storage and sale. These practices help maintain quality and market value.
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products can be used as herbicides in the manufacture controlling wheat fields, cotton fields and other broadleaf weeds and perennial weeds. It can also be used in the manufacture of antipsychotics drugs.
The Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products must be kept under seal, once exposed to light will immediately cause discoloration. It should also be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat. Compartment temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. And make the appropriate technical measures for fire and explosion. Products will Decomposition by high fever and emit toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluorid. Due to ts vapor is heavier than air, it can spread from low place to far away places. In case of fire conditions, should not fire with water. In case of a small amount of leakage should be evenly sprayed with dilute hydrochloric acid. In case of large spills should build a causeway or trenching asylum. The transfer pump to tankers or exclusive collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites.
Containing Methylbenzene, 5-Fluoro-3-Nitrotoluene,2-Bromo-5-Fluorobenzotrifluoride
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