The cultivation of Porphyra, commonly known as nori, involves the growth and management of its seaweed fronds. This process typically includes the use of spore seedlings, drying them, transplanting them into the sea, and providing daily care before final processing. Proper conditions are essential for successful Porphyra farming.
**Development Conditions**
To begin, it's important to select a suitable location such as a sheltered bay or intertidal zone that supports seaweed growth. The area should have moderate tidal activity, good water flow, and nutrient-rich waters with an appropriate salinity level.
1. **Gulf**: Choose a southern gulf where winter storms are minimal, water flow is smooth, and the environment remains warm enough to prevent freezing.
2. **Substrate**: The seabed should be firm and stable to avoid damaging the aquaculture equipment.
3. **Tidal Level**: An intertidal area with floating culture is ideal, typically located near the low tide line, where the average tidal exposure is between 1.5 to 3 hours.
4. **Water Flow**: The water current in the cultivation area should be around 10 to 30 cm per second, ensuring adequate nutrient circulation.
5. **Nutrients**: Select areas with high levels of nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4+-N), preferably above 50 mg/m³.
6. **Salinity**: The seawater salinity should be between 1.018 and 1.022 for optimal growth.
**Culture Methods**
There are several common methods used in Porphyra farming:
1. **Pillared Culture**: Bamboo poles are arranged in rows on the intertidal zone, with net curtains attached horizontally. These can be adjusted in height depending on the tide.
2. **Fengfeng Style Farming**: Net curtains are mounted on short legs and placed in rows on the beach. They float with the tides, allowing for natural movement.
3. **Full-Floating Aquaculture**: This method involves subtidal zones, where large net frames are used, typically covering 10 mu (approx. 0.67 hectares) with multiple net curtains hanging submerged below the surface.
**Culture Net Curtains**
The net curtains used in Porphyra farming are usually made from a blend of polyethylene and vinylon. Common cable specifications include 70, 90, and 110 threads. For full-floating systems, the curtain size is about 1.618 meters, while the Fengfeng style uses smaller curtains of approximately 22 meters. These materials help maintain structure and durability in marine environments.
**Seedling Process**
The seedling stage involves drying, subculturing, and careful management until harvest. A key technique is the "tripod emergence" method, where small bamboo poles and floats are arranged in a triangular formation to support the net curtains. This allows even light exposure on both sides, promoting healthy seedling growth.
Unlike traditional aquaculture, no artificial feed is needed for Porphyra. As a type of algae, it absorbs nutrients directly from the surrounding seawater. In some cases, controlled fertilization may be applied in nutrient-poor areas to enhance growth.
Another modern technique is the use of refrigerated net technology. After harvesting, the seedlings are cooled to about -25°C, then stored at -18°C before being returned to the sea. This process helps improve the quality of the final product and reduces the risk of disease, making it a widely adopted practice in the industry.
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