The cultivation of Porphyra, commonly known as nori, involves the growth and management of its seaweed fronds. This process typically begins with spore seedlings, followed by drying, subculturing, and careful daily maintenance before final harvesting. Proper site selection and farming techniques are crucial for successful Porphyra production.
**Development Conditions**
To ensure optimal growth, it is essential to choose a suitable location such as a sheltered bay or intertidal zone. The ideal area should have smooth water flow, sufficient nutrients, and a moderate salinity level. Specific factors to consider include:
1. **Gulf Selection**: A southern gulf with minimal winter storms, warm temperatures, and no freezing conditions is ideal for Porphyra farming.
2. **Substrate**: The seabed should be firm enough to support farming equipment without causing damage.
3. **Tidal Level**: An intertidal area with an average tidal exposure of 1.5–3 hours near the low tide line is preferred for floating culture.
4. **Water Flow**: The ideal current speed for Porphyra cultivation is between 10–30 cm per second.
5. **Nutrient Content**: Areas with nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) levels above 50 mg/m³ are favorable.
6. **Salinity**: The seawater salinity should range between 1.018 and 1.022 for optimal growth.
**Culture Methods**
There are several common methods used in Porphyra farming:
1. **Pillared Culture**: Bamboo poles are set up in rows on the intertidal zone, with net curtains attached horizontally and adjustable in height.
2. **Fengfeng Culture**: Net curtains are fixed on short legs and placed in rows on the beach, allowing them to float with the tides.
3. **Full-Floating Culture**: This method involves cultivating Porphyra in the subtidal zone using large net frames, typically covering 10 mu (approx. 0.67 hectares), with multiple net curtains suspended underwater.
**Net Curtain Specifications**
Porphyra net curtains are usually made from a blend of polyethylene and vinylon. Common cable sizes include 70, 90, and 110 threads. The net floats vary depending on the culture type: a total floating system uses 1.618m floats, while Fengfeng systems use smaller 22m curtains. Full-floating curtains are also widely used.
**Seedling Process**
The seedling stage involves drying, subculturing, and gradual growth before final harvesting. One common technique is the "tripod emergence," where small bamboo poles and square floats are arranged in a triangular shape above the water surface. This setup allows the net curtain to receive light from both sides, promoting healthy seedling development.
**Feeding and Management**
Unlike many aquaculture species, Porphyra does not require feeding. It absorbs nutrients directly from the surrounding seawater. However, fertilization can be applied in thin areas to enhance growth. Additionally, refrigerated net technology is now being used to improve quality and disease resistance. After cooling the seedlings to around -25°C, they are stored and then reintroduced into the sea at -18°C, which helps maintain their quality and reduces the risk of disease.
By following these carefully managed practices, Porphyra farmers can achieve high-quality yields while maintaining sustainable and efficient production.
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