Preparing for Shrimp Stocking
1. **Pond Construction**: Shrimp ponds should be built in areas with good ventilation, clean water sources, no pollution, and convenient drainage. Natural bodies of water like lakes, mudflats, or existing ponds can also be converted into shrimp farming areas. The pond must have proper water intake and drainage systems. Install filters at the inlet and outlet to prevent pests from entering. A 50 cm high escape barrier made of bamboo sheets, thick plastic, or mesh should be placed around the pond. Provide hiding spots such as rocks, bricks, old tires, or tree roots to help shrimp avoid predators. Plant aquatic plants like water hyacinths, water lettuce, and floating ferns around the pond, covering about one-third of the water surface to maintain a healthy environment.
2. **Pond Cleaning and Disinfection**: Newly built ponds can be disinfected using lime at a rate of 100 kg per mu (approx. 667 m²). For older ponds or lakes, dredge and trim the bottom, expose it to sunlight, and let it dry for 10–15 days before applying 50 kg of dry lime per acre. Remove all predatory fish, snakes, and rodents. After disinfection, wait seven days before introducing new water.
3. **Pre-Stocking Preparation**: About 10–15 days before stocking, apply 100–200 kg of organic manure (like pig or chicken manure) to the pond to cultivate plankton and provide natural food for the shrimp.
**Restocking Shrimp**
Shrimp should be stocked in the early morning or late afternoon on a sunny day. Stock 6,000–8,000 tails of 2 cm juveniles or 4,000–6,000 tails of 3–5 cm juveniles per acre. Ensure that the shrimp are of similar size and from the same batch. You can also introduce 300–400 small silver carp (about 50 g each) into the pond.
Feed the shrimp within three days after stocking using finely chopped trash fish or meat. One month later, switch to small trash fish, minced meat, or commercial feed. Once the shrimp grow to 6–7 cm, you can feed them crushed snails, bird waste, livestock manure, vegetables like wheat bran, corn, or soybean cake, or commercial feed. Feed amounts vary: 15–20% of body weight for small and medium shrimp, and 5–10% for adults. Feed twice daily—70–80% of the daily ration at night. Distribute the feed around the pond.
**Management Practices**
1. **Water Quality Control**: Regularly change and add water, replacing 1/5 to 1/3 of the pond volume each time. Add 15–20 cm of fresh water weekly to keep the water clean and oxygen-rich. Maintain water transparency above 35 cm. Avoid industrial or pesticide contamination.
2. **Oxygenation**: If dissolved oxygen levels drop, water quality deteriorates, or during hot or rainy weather, reduce feeding or stop feeding. Watch for signs of hypoxia, such as sluggish movement or floating heads. In such cases, aerate or add fresh water immediately.
3. **Regular Monitoring**: Inspect the pond frequently, checking shrimp behavior, growth, and shell condition. Remove algae promptly and check filters to prevent escapes or pest entry. Monitor for water snakes, mice, birds, and frogs, and remove them quickly.
4. **Disease Prevention**: Disinfect seedlings before stocking to prevent disease introduction. Keep water clean by regularly adding fresh water and using quicklime for disinfection. Supplement feed with vitamins to boost shrimp immunity.
By following these steps, you can ensure a healthy and productive shrimp farming environment.
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