To ensure successful overwintering of fish, it's essential to take a comprehensive approach that includes proper species selection, water quality management, handling procedures, stocking density, and ongoing care. Here's a well-structured and improved version of the original content:
First, focus on cultivating healthy fish species and ensuring they meet size specifications. Before winter, feed them high-protein feeds to enhance their size and body condition. This helps them better withstand the cold and reduces stress during the winter months.
Second, maintain excellent water quality and create an ideal wintering environment. Choose ponds that are between 2 to 5 acres in size, with a sludge layer of 10 to 20 centimeters at the bottom, free from weeds, and with strong water retention. Keep the water depth above 2 meters and maintain a stable water level. During colder months, increase the water level to improve thermal stability. A stable water temperature is crucial for reducing winter mortality.
Before introducing fish into the pond, fill it with fresh water after applying 80 kg of lime per acre to disinfect the pond. Use a fine mesh filter at the water inlet to prevent wild fish from entering. Apply 2 kg of urea per acre to support aquatic life without using organic fertilizers, which can pollute the water. Winter fertilization promotes phytoplankton growth, which not only provides food but also helps maintain dissolved oxygen levels through photosynthesis.
Third, handle fish carefully to avoid injuries. In November, when the water temperature drops to 7–10°C, fish stop feeding. At this time, choose sunny and warm days to move the fish. Soak fingerlings in a 3–5% saltwater solution for 5–10 minutes to disinfect them and reduce disease risk.
Fourth, determine a reasonable stocking density based on fish size. For 10 cm fish, stock 30,000–40,000 per acre; for 13 cm fish, 20,000 per acre; and for 16 cm fish, no more than 10,000 per acre. Proper stocking prevents overcrowding and ensures adequate space for growth.
Finally, implement effective winter management practices. After snowfall, remove ice from the pond surface to allow sunlight to reach phytoplankton, supporting oxygen production. Regularly monitor dissolved oxygen levels, aiming to keep them above 3 mg/L. If levels drop below 2 mg/L, immediate action such as water exchange is necessary.
During winter, feed fish when the water temperature is above 5°C, offering powdered cake or compound feed every 3–5 days at 0.5–1.0% of their body weight. Increase feeding if there is prolonged sunny weather. Once spring arrives and water temperatures rise to 10–15°C, resume normal feeding and fertilization routines.
By following these steps, you can significantly improve the survival rate and health of your fish during the winter season.
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