1. Indoor cultivation of mushrooms begins by placing inoculated mushroom bags in a constant temperature incubation chamber set at 20°C. The training room should be dry, clean, and well-ventilated. Plastic bags used should be sturdy and large enough to allow the mycelium to fully colonize the substrate. After approximately 25 to 30 days, the mycelium will completely fill the bag, signaling that the initial growth phase is complete.
2. Once the mycelium has fully colonized the bag, the next step is to transfer the bags to the growing room for further development. At this stage, the cotton plugs and collars are removed, and the plastic bags are carefully opened and straightened into their original shape. The surface of the culture material is then gently treated to remove any old hyphae, allowing fresh air to come into contact with the new mycelium. This process encourages even and rapid bud formation. After the buds appear, the bag opening is covered with newspaper or gauze, and a small amount of moisture is maintained by soaking a cloth in clean water, wringing it slightly, and placing it near the bag. The ideal indoor temperature during this phase is around 13°C, with an air humidity of about 85%. After several such treatments—typically five to six times—white cotton-like structures or tiny water droplets may appear on the surface, indicating the beginning of mushroom bud formation. This usually takes 8 to 10 days from the start of the bud stage.
3. During the bud management phase, it's important to increase ventilation and lower the room temperature to between 10°C and 18°C, which is optimal for mushroom development. Temperatures below 5°C or above 20°C can hinder growth. The relative humidity should be kept around 90% by misting the newspaper or the surrounding floor, but not directly onto the mushrooms themselves. Avoid high humidity and heat. Regularly turning the covering materials like newspaper or gauze helps maintain good air circulation and supports healthy fruit body growth. In bag cultivation, common substrates include cottonseed hulls, and typically 3 to 4 harvests can be obtained. The first batch of mushrooms appears about one week after the buds form, while the second batch takes roughly two weeks. The time between the second and third batches is about 8 days, and the interval between harvesting and the next batch is also around 8 days. The entire cultivation cycle lasts about three months. A typical bag containing 500 grams of dried material can produce 400 to 500 grams of fresh mushrooms. For wood chips or sugarcane-based substrates, the cultivation period is shorter—about two months—with 2 to 3 harvests per bag. Each bag usually contains 350 to 450 grams of dried material and yields 250 to 350 grams of mushrooms. Most of the yield comes from the first harvest, accounting for about 65% of the total output.
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