Four-spine spiny langoustines typically take about one year to reach sexual maturity under natural conditions. However, if kept in a greenhouse with stable temperatures for over six months, they can mature earlier. These crayfish produce relatively few eggs, and the incubation period lasts between 5 to 8 weeks, making large-scale breeding challenging. In southern China, where the climate is more favorable, they can spawn two to four times a year. With consistent temperature control, their breeding cycle is no longer restricted by seasons.
To establish a breeding system, existing shrimp farming facilities or feedlots with sufficient freshwater can be modified for crayfish cultivation. Alternatively, dedicated crawfish farms can be built. Regardless of whether it's an upgraded facility or a new setup, several key factors must be considered:
1. **Site Selection**: The location should match the scale of production, ensuring access to a reliable water supply, good water quality, and convenient irrigation and drainage. The site should also have fresh air, a quiet environment, and minimal exposure to natural or human disturbances. It must meet the "three links" requirements: access, electricity, and communication.
2. **Pool Construction**: Breeding facilities should include different types of pools:
- **Broodstock Pools**: Used for raising and stocking mature crayfish. Each pool is generally 60–80 square meters, but can be larger for commercial use. These pools provide a stable environment for optimal growth.
- **Spawning Pools**: Smaller, around 30–60 square meters, designed for breeding and fertilization. They need efficient drainage and irrigation systems for easy egg collection.
- **Incubation and Nursery Pools**: Smaller in size (4–6 square meters), allowing for easier water changes and management. These are ideal for hatching and raising young crayfish in batches.
- **Feed Pools**: About 20–30 square meters, used for cultivating small zooplankton as a food source.
3. **Construction Requirements**: All pools should be 0.8–1.5 meters deep, equipped with adjustable drains and escape-proof structures. Sandy loam is ideal for the bottom, or 10–15 cm of medium sand if the base is cemented. The walls should be reinforced with bricks and cement, and gates should be installed on the shore to prevent escape. A pre-embedded frame allows for shade nets or plastic tents. Bamboo and tile tubes should be placed at the bottom for hiding spots, and bamboo sticks can serve as feeding stations. One-third of the pond surface should be covered with water lilies, and additional aquatic plants should be added to enhance the environment.
This setup ensures a controlled and efficient breeding environment, promoting healthy development and higher survival rates for the crayfish.
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