Four-spine spiny langoustines typically take about one year to reach sexual maturity under natural conditions. However, if kept in a greenhouse with stable temperatures for over six months, they can mature earlier. These crayfish produce only a small number of eggs, and the incubation period lasts between 5 to 8 weeks, making large-scale breeding challenging. Despite this, in the southern regions of China, where conditions are favorable, they can spawn 2 to 4 times annually. When temperature is consistent, seasonal limitations are reduced, allowing for more controlled breeding cycles.
To breed four-spine spiny langoustines effectively, existing facilities such as shrimp breeding grounds or feedlots with sufficient freshwater can be adapted for use. Alternatively, specialized crawfish farms can be established. Regardless of whether it's an upgraded facility or a new farm, several key factors must be considered:
1. **Site Selection**: The location should be chosen based on the scale of production. It must have a reliable water source, good water quality, and convenient drainage and irrigation systems. The area should also be well-ventilated, quiet, and free from both natural and human disturbances. It’s important to ensure access to electricity, communication, and transportation—commonly referred to as the "three links."
2. **Pool Construction**: Breeding facilities should include different types of pools:
- **Broodstock Pools**: Used for raising and stocking adult crayfish. Each pool is usually around 60–80 square meters, though larger operations may use several hundred square meters. These pools provide a stable environment that supports better breeding outcomes.
- **Spawning Pools**: Smaller, around 30–60 square meters, these are used for spawning and fertilization. They should be easy to drain and refill, which helps in collecting and protecting the eggs.
- **Incubation and Nursery Pools**: These are smaller, typically 4–6 square meters, to allow for easier water changes and management. They support batch hatching and early development.
- **Feed Pools**: Used for cultivating zooplankton, each feed pool covers approximately 20–30 square meters.
3. **Construction Requirements**: The depth of all pools should be between 0.8 to 1.5 meters. Adjustable drains should be installed, along with escape-proof structures. For sandy loam bottoms, a layer of 10–15 cm of medium sand is recommended if the bottom is cemented. Cement walls should be reinforced with bricks, and gates should be installed near the shore to prevent escapes. A pre-installed frame inside the pool allows for the installation of shade nets or plastic tents. Bamboo and tile tubes should be placed at the bottom for hiding spots, and bamboo sticks can serve as feeding platforms. One-third of the pond surface should be covered with water lilies, and other aquatic plants should be planted to create a natural and comfortable environment for the crayfish.
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