Chicks have a weak ability to regulate their body temperature, which is about 3°C lower than that of adult chickens. Their intestinal villi are thin, their skin is delicate, and they have minimal subcutaneous fat, resulting in poor insulation. Their thermoregulatory functions gradually develop after two weeks of age. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate temperature during autumn brooding is crucial for the health and normal growth of the chicks.
The environmental temperature directly affects how much feed and water the chicks consume, their overall physiological activities, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and their immune system. If the temperature is too low, the chicks may become cold, huddle together, and experience delayed yolk absorption, weakened immunity, and even colds or diarrhea. In severe cases, they might crowd together, leading to injuries and even death. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, it can disrupt their metabolism, reduce appetite, weaken their bodies, slow down growth, and cause muscle spasms. They may also be more prone to respiratory diseases and colds.
In autumn, temperatures tend to be lower, and the difference between day and night is significant. The younger the chicks, the more stable the temperature needs to be. During the initial days, the temperature difference should not exceed 3°C, and later on, it should be kept within 6°C to prevent major losses caused by unstable conditions.
To determine if the temperature is suitable, don’t rely solely on the thermometer reading. Observe the behavior of the chicks. When the temperature is just right, they will spread out evenly in the brooding area, appear lively, eat well, and drink moderately. If it's too cold, they will gather near the heat source. If it's too hot, they will move away from the heat, stretch their wings, breathe heavily, and make noise.
Additionally, temperature control should be adjusted based on the condition of the flock and weather changes:
1. Slightly lower the temperature for strong chicks. Within the ideal range, a cooler environment encourages higher feed intake, more activity, and faster growth.
2. At night, when chicks are less active, the temperature should be 1–2°C higher than during the day.
3. Increase the temperature when sudden weather changes occur in autumn.
4. Raise the brooding temperature during stressful events like weaning or vaccination to minimize losses.
5. If the chicks are weak or sick, increase the temperature appropriately to support recovery.
In autumn, heating should last longer. However, as winter approaches, the temperature should be gradually reduced to help the chickens adapt better to colder conditions. The temperature can be lowered by 0.3°C to 0.7°C daily, or about 3°C weekly. Once the daytime brooding temperature reaches the lowest point, you can stop heating during the day. Similarly, when the nighttime brooding temperature drops to its minimum, you can stop night-time heating.
Currently, the most effective heating methods include using a stove, fire pit, or floor ducts. Bricks absorb more heat and release it more steadily. It’s recommended that coal-fired stoves be placed outside the walls to ensure safety and efficiency.
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