Cyclamen persicum, a perennial herb of the genus Cymbidium. With a round, round, fleshy tuber, leaves growing in the center of the top of the tuber, leaves large, fleshy, heart-shaped, with pale or pale green patches. Flowers solitary, buds at the tip of buds, turning up when flowering, resembling rabbit ears.
1 Growth habit
Cyclamen likes a sunny, cool, moist environment. Half-hardy, can tolerate 0 °C low temperature, the optimum temperature for growth is 15 °C -18 °C, body temperature during sleep should not exceed 30 °C to prevent the onset. The soil requires loose, fertile, well-drained water, and the pH is slightly acidic.
2 breeding methods
2.1 Seeding propagation
The sowing of cyclamen is good in January-February in Changchun, and the optimum temperature for seed germination is 18°C-20°C.
2.1.1 Seed Processing
Select the seeds of the same size as the current year, wrapped in gauze, soaked in fresh water for 12-24 hours for germination, and the water temperature is 24°C. In order not to infect the seedlings during germination, the seeds were soaked with carbendazim or 0.1% copper sulfate solution for 30 minutes after germination and allowed to dry after sowing.
2.1.2 Selection of Substrates
Vermiculite peat = 55 or vermiculite slag = 55
2.1.3 Sowing
The seed coat should be washed clean and sowed in on-demand or drill method, and sowed in a flower pot or seeding bed at a pitch of 1-2cm. The seeding depth is 0.5-0.7cm, covering the substrate, and then immersing in water to prevent germination. The temperature should be maintained at 18°C-200C.
2.2 Dividing tubers
After germination of buds after the body-sleep period, the tubers were cut by the number of buds so that each cut had shoots and tubers. The incisions were covered with grass ash or sulfur powder and placed in a cool place. The incisions were dried and used as New plant cultivation.
3 Cultivation Management
3.1 Seedling Management
The cyclamen was rooted about 14 days after sowing, and the cotyledons were grown after 30-45 days of germination. At this time, light was gradually given to facilitate the photosynthesis of seedlings. When the seedling grows 4-5 pieces, it is transplanted and the pot is selected. The mudpot with a diameter of about 10 cm is selected, the pelvic floor mat is coarse grained coal cinder, and the thickness is about 3-4 cm. The upper part is mixed with vermiculite and coal residue to transplant the seedlings into the pots. Inside, pay attention to stretch fibrous roots, do not hurt the roots, fill in the matrix, lightly compacted, so that the bulb 1/3 exposed, drenched nutrient solution. After one week, the nutrient solution was poured once, and attention was paid to increase the supply of potassium to make the seedlings thick and strong, and the root system developed to increase disease resistance.
3.2 Body Sleep Management
During the high temperature period of July-August, the general soil planted cyclamen entered the body during the period of sleep, the leaves yellowed, and the soilless cultivation of Cyclamen due to the large evaporation of the substrate, the local environment is relatively cool, even if entering the body during sleep, the leaves do not fall off Only stop growing. At this time, water and fertilizer must be controlled to keep the substrate in a semi-dry state.
In the period of body slumber, before the plants resumed growth, they were changed once again and the plants were moved into pots or plastic pots with an entrance diameter of 15 cm.
3.3 Flowering Management
After Cyclamen resumes its growth, it can grow gradually when it grows to about 30 leaves.
3.3.1 Temperature
Spring flowering cyclamen flower bud differentiation and stalk elongation when the temperature is lower is conducive to flower bud differentiation, flower bud differentiation and flower bud development period temperature does not exceed 20 °C, day and night temperature difference is about 10 °C as well.
3.3.2 Lighting
The cyclamen flower has no special requirements for light and belongs to the Chinese and Japanese sunshine plants. However, it has been found that when the cyclamen is 60-70 days before flowering and the peduncle is 2-3 cm long, the whole night illumination is increased, and the flowers can bloom about 12 days in advance. . Therefore, in the case of not causing leaf scorching, as long as possible to give the cyclamen to grow and develop and full bloom long hours of light.
3.3.3 Fertilization
In September, as the weather became cooler, the cyclamen gradually resumed growth. At this time, the nutrient solution was poured once a week, and about 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed every 10 days. The cyclamen ratio of cyclamen is 1:1, and the carbohydrate produced by the photosynthesis of a leaf just supports the nutrient consumption of a flower. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the supply of leaf nutrients during flowering. Cyclamen nutrient solution formula (per liter content): (control nutrient solution content is controlled at 0.2% in use)
3.3.4 Defloration
After the cyclamen enters the flowering period, the flowering speed is very fast. In order to prolong the flowering period and increase the ornamental value of the cyclamen, it is necessary to adopt the defloration measures after deferring the period of entering the body. The time for flower picking should be carried out when the flowers have not dried up and the petals begin to change color, so that the cyclamen will not be naturally inseminated and consume nutrients. If it is found that the plant has diseased leaves and diseased flowers, it must be removed in time and the fungicide such as mancozeb zinc or carbendazim should be used for prevention and treatment.
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