Causes and Prevention of Multiple Spike Formation in Maize

Multiple ears of corn can easily cause the first ear to be small and the number of grains per ear is small, resulting in reduced yields and even empty stalks.

One, the causes of multiple ears of corn

1. Genetic factors of different cultivars Different varieties of axillary buds have different developmental processes. Some cultivars may develop multiple spikes at the same time under the appropriate conditions for the simultaneous differentiation and development of multiple axillary buds, and some varieties have obvious advantages in the differentiation and development of the first axillary buds, thereby inhibiting the next section. During the development of the ear, multiple spikes do not form.

2. Male inflorescence growth is hindered, which promotes the development of the top male inflorescence of the ear. Short-term water deficit occurs, causing the axillary buds in the 5-7 section to develop into 2-3 mature female inflorescences, leading to the formation of multiple spikes.

3. Inadvertent coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism After jointing, corn enters vegetative growth and vigorous reproductive growth. The growth of stems and leaves is large, and the differentiation of male and female spikes is formed. Dry matter accumulation is faster. If soil fertility is high and water and fertilizer are excessive, carbon, Nitrogen metabolism is not coordinated. Excessive nutrients will promote the development and maturation of multiple female inflorescences.

4, planting unreasonable density is too large, leaves mutual shade, pollen is not easy to fall on the ear, can not be normal fertilization, combined with the appropriate environmental conditions, prompting the next ear development and maturity, the formation of multiple ears.

5, environmental conditions are not suitable for tasseling and flowering, if you encounter cloudy weather, tassels do not loose powder or even loose powder, but due to rain in the female ear filaments caused by swelling and rupture of pollen grains died, unable to fertilize, leading to empty ears and seedless, Excess nutrients are redistributed to the next section of the ear, resulting in multiple spikes.

Second, the main measures to control corn ear

1. Select the best varieties according to local conditions First, use the varieties that have been approved and recommended by the country; secondly, select varieties based on the varieties recommended by the agricultural department; in addition, purchase reliable seeds from regular seed shops, request invoices, and keep them properly. Do not: Blindly seek new, seek differences; blindly see ads to buy species; map cheap to buy counterfeit seeds.

2. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer science. Before and after corn tasseling, the water requirement is the largest, and it is the most sensitive period for water. The soil moisture content is required to be 70-80%. If water is lacking, it should be timely watered and preserved to ensure that the balanced development of male and female ears reduces the occurrence of multiple spikes. According to different varieties of fertilizer requirements, planting areas, methods, periods, etc., determine the fertilizing elements and ratio. General species in the case of medium-strength soil, apply three elements of 60 kg per mu as the base fertilizer; 3-4 leaves, the ditch strip can be quickly applied nitrogen, urea 10 kg per acre or carbon 25 kg; 12-13 leaves When applying 30 kg of urea per mu or 70 kg of ammonium bicarbonate.

3, timely sowing, rational close planting 15 cm below the ground temperature stability through the 12 °C as a suitable sowing period; grab early sowing planting, so that the whole seedling sowing, tassel loose powder missed high temperature and rainy season. Reasonable dense planting is conducive to ventilation and ventilation, improve the utilization of light energy, promote the full development of individuals and reduce the occurrence of multiple ears. The net cultivar of the general variety is 3200-3500 strains per mu and intercropping 2500-2800 strains. The density of compact corn nets is 3500-3800 strains per mu, interplanting 3000-3500 strains.

4. Field management Strengthen field management, timely cultivating and weeding, keep loose soil, find that multiple spikes are cut off promptly, retain 1-2 ear, avoid consumption of nutrients, and ensure the supply and accumulation of nutrients in the target ear.

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