The ball valve is a type of shut-off valve that uses a spherical disc with a bore to control the flow of media. The ball, which is mounted on a stem, rotates to either allow or block the passage of fluid. This rotation is typically performed by turning the valve handle, and the ball is designed to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the flow path. Ball valves are widely used in piping systems to open or close the flow of liquids, gases, or other substances.
One of the key advantages of ball valves is their ability to operate quickly and efficiently, making them ideal for frequent use. They offer minimal flow resistance due to their streamlined internal design, and their simple structure contributes to compactness and lightweight. Additionally, they are easy to maintain and provide excellent sealing performance, even under high-pressure conditions. Another benefit is that they can be installed in any orientation without affecting their operation, and they produce little vibration or noise during use.
Ball valves come in various types based on their structure, flow path, and connection method. Structurally, they can be classified as floating ball valves, fixed ball valves, elastic ball valves, or oil-sealed ball valves. In terms of flow configuration, they include straight-through, angle, and three-way ball valves. The three-way variety is further divided into T-type and L-type designs, depending on the flow direction. Connection methods vary as well, with options including threaded, flanged, and welded connections.
When installing or maintaining a ball valve, it's important to consider several factors. First, ensure there is enough space for the valve handle to rotate freely. Second, avoid using the valve for throttling purposes, as this can cause wear and reduce its lifespan. If the valve has a transmission mechanism, it should be installed in a vertical position to ensure proper function.
Ball valves are available in a wide range of pressure ratings, such as PN1.0 to 32.0 MPa, ANSI CLASS 150 to 900, and JIS 10K to 20K. Their nominal diameters range from DN6 to DN900 or NPS 1/4 to 36 inches. Common connection types include flange, butt-weld, thread, and socket weld. They can operate within a temperature range of -196°C to 540°C. Drive options include manual, worm gear, pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, gas-liquid linkage, and electro-hydraulic linkage. The valve body is typically made from materials like WCB, ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti, ZG1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, CF8 (304), CF3 (304L), CF8M (316), CF3M (316L), and titanium. These materials are suitable for different media, including water, steam, oil, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxidizing agents, and urea.
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