Magang Goose is one of the most renowned local goose breeds in Guangdong Province, originating from Magang Township in Kaiping County. It got its name from there and has been an important part of the region's agricultural culture for many years. Like other local geese such as the Black Pheasant Goose, Yangjiang Goose, and Lion Goose, Magang Geese have a distinct breeding seasonality. They typically begin their breeding and egg-laying cycle in August each year and go into a resting phase by April. The peak egg production occurs between December and January. This seasonal pattern leads to a fluctuation in gosling supply and meat availability, which has long been a challenge for the industry.
The breeding behavior of Magang Geese is influenced by changes in daylight. By manipulating light exposure, breeders can control the breeding cycle. Extending the light period can stimulate egg production, while shortening it can help the geese rest. This technique has become essential in modern goose farming.
To encourage early production in spring, geese must first enter a resting state after winter. From late November to early February, they are exposed to extended lighting—using 40W fluorescent lamps placed every 4 square meters inside the barns, ensuring the light intensity reaches over 80 Lux. Lights are turned on when it gets dark and kept on until around midnight, then turned off. This schedule is adjusted based on the natural day and night cycle.
During the first 25 days of this treatment, geese receive 19 hours of light per day. From day 26 to 40, the duration is reduced to 18.5 hours, and by day 41, it’s shortened to 18 hours. During the initial phase, feed remains unchanged since the geese are still in the laying period. After about a week, egg production starts to decline, and feed can be gradually reduced. By the end of the month, production stops, and males and females are separated, with daily feed reduced to 75 grams per bird.
Twenty-eight days after the light treatment begins, male geese are plucked, removing main wing and tail feathers. A three-day fast is required before plucking, and antibiotics are given afterward to prevent infection. One month later, the females are also plucked. Plucked geese should not be allowed into water immediately; instead, they are reintroduced the next day after proper care.
On day 62 of the long-light treatment, the light period is shortened to 13 hours. By day 87, both males and females are grouped together, and feed is increased to 175 grams per goose per day. Following these steps, the geese will start laying eggs in early March. Once production begins, feed is raised to 225 grams per bird, with 20–30% duck feed added. Light is then reduced to 11 hours per day and maintained through the end of the year.
Other key measures include building well-ventilated barns that are 5 meters high and 4 meters wide, with each house covering about 320 square meters. Each barn is divided into two sections: one for production and one for nesting. There are four geese per square meter. Powerful fans and exhaust systems ensure good air circulation, and the outdoor area is covered with light-blocking film.
Light management is crucial. When increasing light, the intensity must be at least 80 Lux. When reducing it, the intensity should not exceed 5 Lux, requiring all windows and openings to be sealed with light-proof materials.
Nesting behavior is also managed. If a goose lays 4–5 eggs, it will begin to sit. Normally, it would take 18–20 days for it to wake up naturally. To speed up the process, once a goose is found sitting, it is moved to a special nesting area and allowed to swim (known as "water immersion"). This reduces the nesting period to about 10 days, and the light treatment follows the same schedule as for laying geese.
Feeding and management are equally important. Green feed is essential, with each goose needing 0.5–1 kg of fresh vegetation daily. During egg-laying, rice alone isn’t enough, so 20–30% duck feed is added, along with multivitamins and heat-stress additives during hot weather. Antibiotics are regularly included in feed to prevent disease outbreaks.
Sanitation and disinfection are critical. Regular cleaning of the barn, exercise areas, and pools is necessary. Using multiple types of disinfectants helps reduce bacterial resistance. Vaccinations should be done before the geese start producing eggs, including protection against avian flu, gosling plague, poultry plague, duck plague, and E. coli.
Zhang Zhihong, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province.
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