Agaricus, commonly known as black fungus, wood ear, or cloud ear, is a type of edible mushroom belonging to the family Auriculariaceae and genus Auricularia. The fruiting body of this fungus is consumed as a vegetable. There are two main types: one is smooth, dark brown, and translucent, considered high quality due to its light texture; the other has a hairy surface, gray-brown in color, with a rough and hard structure, often brittle in consistency. These mushrooms can be harvested during spring, summer, and autumn, and are referred to as "spring ears," "summer ears," and "autumn ears" respectively.
Harvesting should take place when the ear-like structure begins to open, and the white spore powder on the underside of the fruiting body becomes visible. Careful and precise handling is essential. Large and small "spring ears" and "autumn ears" can be picked at different sizes, while "summer ears" need to be selected based on size. It's best to harvest on sunny mornings or after rain, when the fungus is still soft. Avoid leaving any root behind, and be cautious not to damage the buds. Fresh fungus contains a lot of moisture, so it should be spread out on bamboo mats or cloth and placed in a cool, well-ventilated area immediately after harvesting.
In terms of storage, agaricus should be kept at 0°C with a relative humidity of 95% or higher. As a gelatinous edible mushroom, it has a soft texture that makes it prone to sticking together and forming clumps. Regular ventilation is necessary to prevent mold growth. Due to its delicate nature, storage and transportation are challenging. Even under ideal conditions, it can only be preserved for 2–3 weeks. Therefore, it is not suitable for long-term storage and is typically used for short-term transport and preservation. It is commonly packed in baskets, boxes, or plastic bags.
Quality standards for agaricus include large and thick fruiting bodies with a bright black color. They should be free from rolled ears, blockages, and impurities. The grading criteria are as follows:
First-grade quality: Pure black in color, large and uniform, dry, lightweight, with no debris, small ears, blockages, or mold.
Second-grade quality: Black in color, slightly smaller, dry, lightweight, with no blockages or mold. Impurities such as ear roots or debris should not exceed 1%.
Third-grade quality: Slightly off-black, with some white or brownish-gray tones, larger but with more debris, thin flesh, and lighter weight. No mold, ear roots, stems, or crumbs should exceed 3%.
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