In response to recent investigations by agricultural authorities, it has been found that many fruit trees in orchards have suffered significant damage due to inadequate antifreeze measures during the winter season. Approximately 20% of the total fruit trees have been affected, leading to substantial economic losses for farmers. To address this issue and help reduce future damages while improving farmers' income, scientific research institutions and agricultural experts have developed and tested ten effective new methods for protecting fruit trees from frost. These techniques are now being widely used by fruit growers in northern regions.
1. **Apply Early Base Fertilizer**
One of the most important strategies for preventing frost damage and boosting productivity is the timely application of base fertilizer. It's essential to apply the fertilizer early and deeply in order to maximize its effectiveness. This practice helps increase soil temperature and store nutrients, which is especially crucial for Zanthoxylum trees to ensure high yields and quality.
2. **Trunk Whitewashing**
This method involves painting the tree trunks and main branches with a whitewash solution in late October. The mixture consists of 10 parts quicklime, 1 part sulfur powder, 1 part salt, 0.1 part vegetable oil, and 20 parts water. Once well mixed, the solution is applied to the trunk and branch junctions to reflect sunlight and protect against temperature fluctuations.
3. **Mulch and Grass Covering**
For young trees (1–3 years old), it’s recommended to cover a 1-meter square area around the base with mulch before the first frost. Then, place 15–20 cm of grass on top of the mulch to maintain soil warmth and moisture, which helps protect the roots from freezing.
4. **Soil Mounding Around the Roots**
Before the cold weather sets in, mound soil around the base of the tree, covering the root collar and underground parts. The layer should be 20–30 cm thick and can be removed the following year to prevent frost damage.
5. **Tree Wrapping**
Before a severe freeze, wrap the main trunk or branches with straw ropes or bundle them with grass. This technique helps block cold air and prevents frost from damaging the tree. In spring, the grass can be burned to eliminate pests and further protect the tree.
6. **Pre-Freeze Irrigation**
About 10 days before the expected frost, conduct a thorough irrigation of the orchard. This helps raise soil temperature, maintain moisture, and stabilize the environment, which also helps prevent drought in the spring.
7. **Smoke Generation for Frost Protection**
During the coldest nights, burn sawdust or firewood to create smoke. Light the fire around midnight and manage it carefully to produce enough smoke without excessive flames. Each acre should have at least 3–4 fire points, which can raise the temperature by 3–4°C and offer effective frost protection.
8. **Spray Naphthalene Acetic Acid in Early Spring**
Applying a naphthalene acetic acid solution in early spring can delay flowering, helping the trees avoid frost damage by timing their bloom later in the season.
9. **Remove Snow from Trees**
After snowfall, shake off the snow from the branches and pile it around the base of the tree. This helps insulate the soil and retain moisture, providing additional protection against freezing.
10. **Plant Shelterbelts**
Constructing windbreaks around the orchard improves the microclimate, reduces wind speed, minimizes drought effects, and lessens frost damage. These protective forests serve as a long-term solution for enhancing orchard resilience.
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