In the fall, as water temperatures drop below 30°C, earthworms remain active and thrive. This is an ideal time to move them to shallow areas where they can grow more efficiently. Proper management during this season is crucial for their development and survival.
Water quality plays a vital role in maintaining healthy conditions for earthworms. Regular fertilization and water changes help keep the water "fat, live, tender, and cool." The transparency should be around 30 cm, with a pH between 7 and 8, and dissolved oxygen levels maintained at 3–5 mg/L. These conditions ensure a balanced and productive environment.
As temperatures decrease, the availability of plankton in the water also declines. Earthworms have used up a lot of energy during the warmer months, so it's important to help them rebuild their fat reserves to survive the winter. If water quality is poor or fertilization is not properly managed, earthworms may become weak or even die. Therefore, careful attention must be given to feeding practices throughout the fall.
During the early stages of the season, chemical fertilizers can be used more frequently, while organic manure becomes more important later. Chicken, duck, and bird feces are excellent sources of organic fertilizer, but they should be treated with 1% quicklime and fully fermented before application. A common fertilizer mix includes urea and superphosphate in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3. For example, 1 kg of urea and 3 kg of superphosphate per area is typically sufficient. Fertilization should be done gradually and in small amounts to avoid overloading the system.
Disease prevention is also essential during the fall. In the bacterial enteritis season, which usually occurs from April to October, regular disinfection is necessary. Treat the entire pool with 1 g/m³ of bleach or 15 kg/a of quicklime. If infections occur, add 1–2 ppm of tetracycline hydrochloride to the water. A combination of chlortetracycline and calcium gluconate (1–2 ml) can be injected into affected individuals. Soak the affected parts in 3% saline solution for 5 minutes, and use saltwater to disinfect culture racks.
Another important task is removing unwanted organisms that attach to the nets and cages. Over time, these can include mud, algae, freshwater sponges, and other aquatic life. These attachments can hinder the growth of young earthworms. It’s recommended to clean the nets and cages every other month, especially between April and October, to maintain optimal growing conditions.
By following these practices, you can ensure your earthworms remain healthy, well-fed, and ready for the next season. Proper care in the fall leads to better survival rates and stronger growth in the spring.
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