Raising high-quality breeding pigeons requires careful selection, proper care, and attention to detail. Excellent breeders are large, healthy, purebred, well-adapted, fast-growing, and have strong reproductive abilities. Typically, they can breed for up to five years, with the best performance during their third year. A top breeder may produce up to 18 litters (6–9 per season), with a minimum of 12 eggs. Nutrition levels greatly influence egg production, fertilization rates, and hatching success. When selecting breeders, focus on those with strong traits, balanced pairings, and good vitality. Avoid using immature or unpaired young pigeons—some may only be one month old, and after five months of rearing, they often don’t provide economic returns or quality assurance. Don’t fall for appearances; some pigeons that look strong might actually be old and less fertile, so they should be removed from the breeding program.
Creating a suitable environment is crucial. The loft should be dry, well-drained, quiet, and stress-free. It must also protect against wind, rain, sun, moisture, and ensure good ventilation and lighting. Regular cleaning and disinfection are essential to maintain hygiene. For meat pigeon farming, two common methods are cage raising and flat raising. In cages, about three pairs per square meter is ideal, while in open areas, two pairs per 1,000 square meters works well.
Feeding plays a key role in producing quality meat pigeons. Breeding pigeons don’t eat much, but their diet must be nutritionally complete. Each breeder should receive 45–50 grams of feed daily, given in small portions to avoid waste. A rice-based mix includes 45% rice, 25% peas, 20% corn, and 10% wheat. Alternatively, a corn-based formula uses 45% corn, 25% peas, 15% wheat, and 15% sorghum. You can add hemp and green beans if available. Adjust energy and protein levels based on the growth stage of the birds. Always provide clean, fresh water—pigeons drink 1.5 to 4 times their body weight daily.
Health sand is an important supplement. Though used in small amounts, it supports digestion and overall health. A breeder needs around 6 grams per day. Keep it fresh and store it in sealed containers in a cool, dry place. Avoid sunlight and moisture. A typical health sand mix includes 30% red mud, 15% shell powder, 10% bone meal, 25% medium sand, and 5% each of charcoal, old lime, salt, and plaster. Add small amounts of vitamins, herbs, or antibiotics depending on the season to support growth and immunity.
Proper management during different stages—mating, incubation, brooding, and molting—is essential. Provide nutrient-rich feed and health sand during these periods to improve egg production and hatching rates. Young birds need extra light and space to develop quickly. Once mature, select the strongest ones for breeding, either naturally or artificially, to sustain population growth and productivity.
Disease prevention is vital. Maintain cleanliness in lofts and regularly disinfect feeding tools. Follow vaccination schedules and monitor pigeons’ behavior for early signs of illness. Pay special attention to infectious diseases and parasites. Also, protect against predators like cats, dogs, rats, and snakes.
Economic planning is equally important. Track all costs and revenues, analyze profitability regularly, and make adjustments to boost efficiency. Raising pigeons isn’t just about hard work—it’s also about being smart and meticulous with financial planning.
The best time to market pigeons is at four weeks old (28 days). At this stage, they have a balanced size, moderate weight, tender meat, and rich flavor, making them highly desirable. Delaying sales increases feeding costs and reduces profit margins. Breeders should also stay informed about local markets, sell to higher-priced areas, or process pigeons into packaged products to maximize returns.
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