Chinese daffodils, also known as scallions or ya garlic, belong to the Amaryllidaceae family and are bulbous flowering plants. They are commonly found in coastal regions of southeastern China, extending as far as Japan and North Korea. These flowers have a long history of cultivation and are cherished for their beauty and fragrance.
The bulbs are oval-shaped with thin, papery outer scales that are reddish-brown and tend to fall off easily. The leaves are flat, soft, and thick, while the flowers form umbels with a saucer-like shape and a strong, pleasant aroma. Popular cultivars include 'Jinyin Yintai' and 'Jade Linglong,' both of which bloom around New Year’s Day and the Spring Festival. They are ideal for shallow water culture, making them perfect for decorating bookshelves, windowsills, or other indoor spaces. Additionally, they can be planted in open gardens among grass, flowers, or rock arrangements.
In terms of ecological habits, Chinese daffodils thrive in warm, humid, and sunny environments. They prefer areas with mild temperatures—no extreme cold or heat—and enjoy the rainy seasons of spring and autumn. While they are not overly picky about soil type, they grow best in fertile, moist, and deep clay soils. They avoid heavy clay and gravel. Their dormancy period is relatively short; by mid-to-late June, the stems and leaves begin to yellow, signaling the start of dormancy. In early August, flower buds typically begin to develop.
Reproduction of Chinese daffodils is limited to asexual methods, such as lateral bulb propagation, lateral bud propagation, and double-scaling techniques. It takes about three years of cultivation in the production area to produce mature bulbs. For commercial use, bulbs with a diameter of approximately 5 cm are selected from two-year-old bulbs. The side bulbs are removed, and most of the lateral buds are carefully cut away in a process called "castration."
For ornamental purposes, water culture is the most common method, though potted cultivation is also possible. When selecting bulbs, it's important to choose strong and healthy ones. Before placing them in water, you can sculpt the bulbs for aesthetic appeal. After shaping, the bulbs should be submerged in water for 2–3 days, with daily rinsing to remove mucus. Place them in an environment with a temperature of around 10°C and plenty of sunlight. If the temperature is too high or light is insufficient, the plants may become leggy, and the flowering period may be shortened. Adding a 0.2% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the water culture phase can enhance blooming and extend the flowering time.
Pest and disease management is crucial. Root pests are a major concern, and soaking the bulbs in a 40% triclosan emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times for 30 minutes before planting helps prevent infestation. The main disease affecting these plants is large brown spot, which can be controlled by spraying chlorothalonil every 10 days. Nematode infections are also common, but treating the bulbs in warm water at 50°C before planting can reduce their impact. With proper care, Chinese daffodils can bring beauty and fragrance to any space, making them a popular choice for both indoor and outdoor gardening.
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