Scientific name: *Antirrhinum majus* L.
Common names: Longkou flower, dragon flower, rabbit flower, ocean color bird.
Family: Scrophulariaceae (also known as the figwort family).
Morphological characteristics: *Antirrhinum majus* is a perennial herb that is commonly cultivated as an annual in many regions. It typically grows between 20 to 90 cm tall, with glandular hairs on the upper parts of the stems. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate in shape, entire, and smooth, reaching up to 7 cm in length. The lower leaves are opposite, while the upper ones are alternate. The plant produces terminal racemes that can grow over 25 cm long. The flowers have a tubular lip shape, with the base swollen into a saccate (pouch-like structure). The upper lip is erect and two-lobed, while the lower lip is three-lobed and reflexed. The flowers come in a wide range of colors, including white, pink, dark red, deep yellow, and light yellow. Plants with green stems tend to display purple and red hues, while those with red stems are usually limited to purple and red shades. This species has a long blooming period, making it ideal for use in floral arrangements, bouquet making, and garden displays. Tall varieties are often used for cut flowers, while dwarf types are perfect for flower beds, borders, and potted plants.
Ecological habits: *Antirrhinum majus* is relatively cold-tolerant but not heat-resistant. It thrives in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. It prefers loose, fertile, and well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam soil, though it can withstand slightly calcareous conditions. The optimal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 7.5. It requires winter temperatures to remain above 5°C to survive. This plant is widely cultivated for its ornamental value and is a popular choice among gardeners due to its vibrant colors and easy care requirements.
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