One species of ewes:
Before breeding and mating, it's essential to ensure the ewes are in good health and have adequate nutrition to support reproduction. The feeding should focus on maintaining normal metabolism. After weaning, leaner ewes need extra nutrition to regain their condition. Daily feed should mainly consist of dry roughage like sweet potato vines and peanut stalks, which they can graze on for about 4 hours a day. During this time, each ewe should be given around 0.4 kg of mixed concentrate as a supplement.
During the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus grows slowly, so the nutritional needs are similar to when the ewe is not pregnant. However, during the second trimester, the fetus develops rapidly, with about 80% of its body weight gained in these two months. Therefore, the diet must be rich in energy, with an increase of 15–20% in metabolic level compared to before pregnancy. Calcium and phosphorus levels should be increased by 40–50%, and there should be sufficient vitamin A and D. Each day, about 0.6–0.8 kg of mixed concentrate should be provided, along with 3–5 grams of bone meal. About 10 days before birth, some succulent feed should be introduced. Proper management is also crucial—avoid overcrowding and sudden disturbances. Ewes should move slowly and steadily, and should not consume moldy or frozen feed to avoid abortion.
Lactation typically lasts 2–3 months after birth. In the first two months, milk production is critical for the lambs, so the ewes must receive enough nutrients. Generally, each ewe should be given 1–2 kg of succulent feed and 0.6–1.0 kg of concentrate daily. It’s important to control the amount of concentrate fed to nursing ewes. For the first 1–3 days postpartum, they shouldn’t be overfed with concentrates, and cold or icy water should be avoided. As lambs begin to eat solid feed before weaning, the amount of succulent feed and concentrate should gradually decrease to prevent udder issues. The ewe’s living area should be kept clean and disinfected regularly, and any waste such as placenta or hairballs should be removed promptly to avoid disease transmission. Lambs are usually weaned at around 2 months of age.
Second, the types of rams: Rams play a key role in improving flock productivity and enhancing low-yield sheep. They must be carefully fed and managed to maintain strong physical condition, good health, high libido, and quality semen.
1. Nutritional requirements: Male rams require higher-quality feed, including sufficient protein, vitamins A and D, and minerals. Their feed should be easy to digest and palatable. A mix of bran, soybean meal, carrots, and malt is ideal. Animal protein is especially important for rams. If breeding frequency is high, raw eggs and milk should be added to their diet.
2. Management of rams: Rams should be kept separately and not mixed with ewes except during breeding. They should graze and exercise for 4–6 hours daily. During the breeding season, rams may breed 1–3 times a day, with sperm collection every 3–4 days. After mating, they should rest, especially in hot summer and cold winter. If semen quality is poor, it’s not advisable to collect sperm. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and parasite control are essential. Observing the ram’s behavior daily helps detect any issues early.
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