Watercress is also called watercress, water mustard, mainly grown in water, the texture is crisp and juicy, fragrant and refreshing, nutritious, also has medicinal value, can lung and cough, benefit brain fitness and pass through. Watercress is suitable for fresh food.
The environmental requirements of watercress:
(1) Temperature
Like cold and humid environment, the growth temperature is 15~25°C, the optimum temperature is about 20°C, and the growth below 10°C is slow. It can endure many times of frost and frost resistance for a short time, but the leaves are easy to fall off. In winter, the temperature can be safely overwintered at around 0 °C. If the temperature is higher than 30 °C, the growth is stagnant, and the leaves are prone to yellowing or withering.
(2) lighting
The growth period requires good light, and when the light is insufficient, the growth of the stems and leaves is weak and the yield is low.
(3) Moisture
Growing in the water.
(4) Soil
Neutral loam with strong water and fertility, suitable for soil with pH 6.5-7.5.
First, the variety introduction
1. Guangzhou Savoy
The lobular ovate is dark green. Cultivation in Guangzhou area does not bloom, but cultivation in Beijing can be fruitful and fruity. After 30 days of planting, the seedlings were harvested, and 667 m2 produced 4000 to 5000 kg.
2. Baise Savoy
Alias ​​Arkie. In the south, it can bloom and seed. From colonization to initial harvest 20~30 days, 667m2 produces 4000~5000kg.
3. Big leaf watercress
The plants are thick and the stems are more than 60 cm long. The stem is hollow. The leaves are large, the leaves are round, the whole is green, and the scent is lighter than that of Guangzhou. Flowering in Beijing from April to May, seed yield is high.
4. Wuhan big leaf watercress
The stems and leaves of the plant are large, the leaflets are wide, approximately prismatic, and dark green. The main stem is thick, the fiber is slightly more, and the yield is high.
5. Resistant to vegetables
The stems and leaves are small and extremely cold-resistant. In the winter, the winters can be overwintered in the rivers or springs with long flowing water. In the spring, they germinate and grow. The flowering period is from May to June. After seeding, the branches and leaves can continue to grow. The harvesting period is 6~9. month.
Second, the cultivation season
Generally harvested in autumn in winter. From late August to September, the temperature will drop to 25 °C to start planting or sowing seedlings, planting from September to October, and harvesting about 30 days after planting. After harvesting and replanting in the Yangtze River Basin for 2~3 times, when the temperature drops to 5 °C, it needs to be moved into the large, medium shed or protected area for timely wintering. In March of the next year, the transplanted land will be harvested from April to May. .
The following methods can be used to make the Western cuisine an annual supply.
(1) Spring and autumn open field cultivation
Two carp were planted in the middle and late April and the middle and late August, and the harvesting period was from May to June and from September to October.
(2) Summer cold mountain cultivation
Cropping from early May to early June, and continuous supply to the market from June to September.
(3) Protected cultivation
From October to March of the following year, it is cultivated in the middle and small sheds in the autumn and spring, and can be cultivated in the energy-saving solar greenhouse. It is harvested from November to June.
(4) Cultivation by using ditch
In the middle and late May of each year, it is planted in idle gullies to enhance the use of water surface, and more harvests can be harvested.
(5) nutrient solution cultivation (ie hydroponics)
Annual production of greenhouse cultivation; can also be planted in a hydroponic bed in a greenhouse. In addition to the coldest season in winter, it can also continuously harvest more than one.
Third, cultivation techniques
Breeding method
Use the tender stem cutting and sowing seedlings to breed.
(1) Young stem reproduction
It is not easy to harvest seeds in the south, and most of them use young stems to breed. When the spring temperature rises above 25 °C, it is no longer harvested, leaving the old stems to grow through the summer sprouts with the old stems. During the production period of the field after the autumn, it is not harvested as a seedling for 1/4 of the planted area. Or in the production field, cut the upper stems of the plants about 15 cm long, and plant them at a row spacing of 3 cm × 10 cm. When planting, the seedling base should be shallowly buried in the soil, and the dry land can be cultivated with a small shovel to open the shallow hole, and the seedlings are obliquely inserted into the soil. After planting, water is irrigated, and water is poured every day to keep the field moist, especially in the season with high temperature. In the northern winter, you can use the dry land to cut seedlings in the solar greenhouse. After planting, you can prevent early moisturization. You should use flowing water to irrigate, and you can not soak the dead water for a long time. In the spring in the open field in the north, use the plants cultivated in the protected area, and when cutting the shoot tips for seedlings, be careful not to bring the aphids of the seedbed to the field, and put the seedlings into the 1000~2000 times of the dimethoate dilution for a while. Take it out and transport it to the plantation.
(2) Seed reproduction
The warm regions of the south are planted in stages from August to September. The northern open field cultivation should be spring. Protected cultivation can be planted at any time throughout the year. The seedbed can be used in dry or semi-water. When using the dry land to raise seedlings, firstly smooth the kneading dough, and then pour the seeds after filling the water. After the sowing, sprinkle a thin layer of dry fine soil and spray water 1 or 2 times a day. The seedbed per 10 m 2 seedbed is about 8 g, which can be inserted into the Honda 600 m 2 . Because the seeds of the watercress are very small, it is better to mix it with 3~4 times of fine soil before sowing, so as to evenly remove it. If the amount of seeds is very small, it is advisable to use shallow pots to grow seedlings. First cover the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin with tiles, install nutrient soil to the bottom of the basin 2 cm below, smooth the topsoil and put the shallow pots into the large basin with water to moisturize. Moisturizing
seed. After sowing, cover a layer of thin soil to cover the seeds, and then cover the film to moisturize. Water cannot be watered from the pot during seedlings. Only use water or spray in the large basin. Early spring seedlings often appear small seedlings flowering, the florets can be removed from the plants to continue to grow, can also be planted in summer and autumn seedlings, transplanted to protect the land, expand the compaction and harvest, to intercept the young shoots in the spring.
When raising seedlings in semi-water, it is advisable to make sorghum, and the height of sputum can be sufficient to wet the glutinous surface and the water-free layer. After sowing, remove a thin layer of dry manure to prevent the knot. When the seedling height is 3~4 cm, the irrigation amount is increased, so that the surface has a thin layer of long flowing water or once a day, and then the water layer is gradually deepened as the seedling grows. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, the seedlings can be transplanted.
2. Cultivation
The planting area should be suitable for low-lying areas with convenient irrigation, and it is suitable for clay loam or loam paddy field with fertile soil, water retention and fertility. Summer cultivation is best done with tall trees or high-yielding crops. A small area can be used to cool down the awning.
(1) Paddy field cultivation
Shallow water ploughs apply base fertilizer, evenly cultivated and flattened. Leave a work line at 1.5 meters. The seedlings are discharged into the field according to the plant spacing of 10 cm and the row spacing of 15-20 cm. The base of the seedlings is slightly pressed to make the roots grow. After the seedlings are inserted, the shallow water is poured, which is 2~3 cm, and is used after the new roots. Flowing water can be harvested 25 to 30 days after planting. Paddy field cultivation should be ploughed and replanted after each harvest.
(2) Dryland cultivation
The ploughed farmland is applied to the fermented organic fertilizer, and after the flattening, it is made into a flat 1.2-1.5 m wide, which is about 20 cm high. The planting distance is 12 cm × 15 cm, and 3 to 5 seedlings per hole. The seedlings are planted into the soil with a flower shovel, and the seedlings are about 1/3 of the soil. Immediately after the planting, the water will be poured once a day, and the horse water will be poured once a day. It is not advisable to use sandy soil.
3. Field management
Watercress is a fast-growing leafy vegetable with high requirements for water and fertilizer. But don't use unfertilized organic fertilizer and too much fat. It is advisable to use normal running water for paddy field cultivation, and the fixed water is prone to rotten sputum. Dryland cultivation is filled with "horse water", which is inconvenient for drought. Fertilization is based on the principle of thin application. When the seedlings are transplanted for about 1 week, the topdressing begins, and every 10 days thereafter. Use 30~45 kg of urea per hectare and add 3750 kg of water. It is best to dilute 6-8 times with fully fermented sesame water to make the stems and leaves of the plants green and lush. Common pests in dryland cultivation are aphids. Continuous harvesting is to spray a dimethoate after harvesting, or to fill the field with oil, flood the plants, and drown the aphids.
4. Harvest
Generally, it can be harvested 25 to 35 days after planting and 25 to 30 cm in height, and cut off from the base of the plant. One transplant was transplanted several times, and the stem was about 5 cm at the time of harvesting. Although multiple harvests are labor-saving but the yield is low, the weeds in the late stage affect the yield. The method of re-plowing and replanting after a harvest is more common in the year. Keep a proper amount of commercial vegetables for seedlings every time you harvest.
5. Protected ground hydroponic cultivation
In the north, the watercress can be cultivated in the protected area for many years, and the annual supply and planting methods are the same as those in the dryland cultivation. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of aphids in the summer and not to reproduce for a long time. Hydroponics needs to be equipped with circulating water facilities and apply nutrient solution according to the water quality of each place. Watercress is suitable for hydroponics, winter use of solar greenhouse or plastic with underground hot spring water
In the shed, as long as the temperature or water temperature in the winter shed can be kept at 15~20°C, seedlings can be planted from July to August, or in September, asexually propagated seedlings or 12~15 cm long branches, 5 cm×10 cm. The distance is directly applied to the holes of the planting plate, and three holes are inserted in each hole. It can be harvested after 20~25 days. Hydroponics needs to be used as a circulating water facility. As a nutrient solution, water, tap water, rainwater, etc. can be used in addition to well water, and nutrient solution can be prepared according to the water quality of each place.
6. Retention method
The watercress can be flowered and planted in the north, while the large leaf species produce more seeds. Seeded with seeds, flowering in spring and autumn, asexual reproduction of seedlings blooms in spring from April to May. The seedlings can be planted with cutting seedlings or seeds. About 1 month after flowering, when the seed pods are light yellow, they must be harvested separately, first harvested first. After harvesting, drying, chopping, sieving, removing pods and other debris, stored in a low-temperature dry place for later use.
Watercress is rich in nutrients and has medicinal ingredients, so regular consumption has a great effect on body health!
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