The braking system is one of the most critical safety components in a vehicle. Any malfunction can lead to serious consequences if not addressed promptly. Here are some common issues and their solutions for automotive brake systems:
1. **Poor Braking or Complete Failure**
- Leaks or blockages in the brake lines, such as at joints, can cause low brake fluid levels and pressure loss. Regular inspection and timely refilling or cleaning of the lines are essential.
- Air entering the brake system can create bubbles that reduce braking efficiency. Bleeding the system and adding brake fluid can resolve this.
- Improper brake gap settings can cause delayed response. Adjusting the gap using a flathead screwdriver and ratchet ensures proper function.
- If the brake drum and linings don’t make proper contact due to deformation, machining or replacement may be necessary.
- Contaminated or wet friction linings reduce friction. Cleaning with gasoline or heating can help, while severe cases require replacement.
- Damaged master cylinder or sub-pump parts can cause leaks. Replacing these components is crucial.
2. **Uneven Braking (Brake Pull)**
- Unequal braking times on both sides often result from uneven gaps or contact areas. Adjusting the brakes and dressing the linings can help.
- Differences in braking force between left and right wheels can be caused by oil leaks, contamination, or tire pressure imbalance. Clean the pads, adjust pressure, and fix leaks.
- Sudden side movement without braking might be due to suspension issues. Inspect and repair the suspension components.
- Uneven surface roughness or air in one line can also cause pulling. Identifying and fixing the root cause is key.
- Uneven tire pressure leads to uneven wheel rotation. Ensure both tires are inflated properly.
- Misalignment or uneven tire wear can also contribute. Adjust alignment or replace worn parts as needed.
3. **Brake Noise**
- A warped brake drum can cause impact sounds during braking. Machining the drum to standard specifications helps.
- Smooth linings or foreign objects on the friction surface can create noise. Sanding the linings and removing debris improves performance.
- Heavily worn linings or deformed support plates can lead to noise. Replace the linings and correct the support plate.
- Damaged front wheel bearings may produce abnormal noises. Replacing them eliminates the issue.
4. **Brake Drag and Overheating**
- Too small a brake gap can prevent full release, causing overheating. Adjusting the gap according to specifications is necessary.
- A partially engaged brake pedal can lead to prolonged friction. Proper adjustment ensures smooth operation.
- Worn return springs can fail to release the brakes, leading to heat buildup. Repair or replace the spring as needed.
5. **Parking Brake Failure**
- Corroded cables, broken springs, or stretched cables can prevent the parking brake from engaging. Inspect and replace damaged parts.
- Ensure the cable moves freely and the handle has the correct travel. With 196N force, the handle should move 5–7 teeth. If more, adjust the gap or replace the cable.
Regular maintenance, inspections, and timely repairs are essential to ensure the braking system functions safely and effectively. Always follow manufacturer guidelines when adjusting or replacing parts.
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