Scientists discovered the molecular mechanism of Zika virus infecting the developing brain
October 31, 2017 Source: Bio Valley
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)]; Recently, researchers from the USCD found that Zika virus can spread from the mother to the fetus. Interestingly, this mode of transmission causes the fetal brain to produce the earliest defense mechanism against Zika virus infection.
The results are published in the latest issue of Human Molecular Genetic.
"In the brain, astrocytes will function as macrophages to remove pathogens and infected damaged cells or debris. Our findings suggest that Zika virus can infect these early astrocytes, Further spread to other cells causes severe neurological damage in newborns," said Alysson Muotri, a professor at UCSD.
Previous studies have found that Zika virus can spread through mother to child, but the specific way of this transmission is not clear. In this regard, the researchers believe that astrocytes may be "trojans" for the spread of the virus.
To test their hypothesis, the authors used human-induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate between two types of related central nervous system cell types, astrocytes and neuronal precursor cells. Later, they established a co-culture system to detect the interaction of two cells in an environment exposed to Zika virus.
The authors found that astrocytes are capable of phagocytizing Zika-infected NPCs, but when these phagocytic cells are co-cultured with other uninfected neuronal precursor cells, the virus can be transmitted to the latter.
The authors and others examined whether the FDA-approved drug Sofosbuvir was able to limit viral infection in neuronal precursor cells. The results showed that the drug significantly inhibited viral load and cell death in the cells.
Although these studies are based on in vitro studies that require further inflammation, the authors believe that these findings suggest that astrocytes can be used as potential targets for the treatment of Zika virus infection.
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