At present, it is the critical period for the early spring vegetables, especially the eggplant vegetables. Now the treatment and seedling techniques of vegetable seeds are briefly described as follows:
(1) Pre-seeding treatment of seeds In order to make seeds sown and planted neatly, quickly, and reduce disease infections, and to enhance the resistance of seedlings to immature embryos and new-born seedlings, pre-sowing seed treatment is usually carried out in early spring, especially before nursery.
1. Warm soaking: The method is to pour dried seeds into hot water of 55-60°C, the amount of water is 5-6 times of the amount of seeds, stir and add hot water constantly, so that the seeds are heated evenly and keep constant temperature for 15-20 minutes. Water temperature dropped to 30 °C and then soaking, and finally germinate with wet gauze or towel.
2. Seed Disinfection: It can be soaked with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10-15 minutes, or soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes. Strictly control the concentration of the medicine and the soaking time. After the liquid medicine is treated, it must be rinsed with clean water.
3, germination: soak the seeds with wet gauze or wet towel wrap, placed in a large bowl or small pot, the temperature is maintained at 25-30 °C, wash the seeds twice a day with warm water, wash the seed coat The mucus was washed and the seeds were allowed to open for 10 minutes. Seeds can be sown when 75% of the seed buds are white. In order to prevent the wilt disease, it can be soaked with 100 times 40? Formalin soaked for 10-20 minutes, and then fully cleaned, then soaked germination; also can be used 600 times 50 carbendazim WP soaked seeds after germination .
(two) sowing technology
1. The sowing method is divided into wet sowing and dry sowing. Wet sowing is irrigating water before sowing, sowing water after sowing, covering in soil. Wet sowing is of good quality, high emergence rate, loose soil and not easy to compact, but the operation is complicated and the work efficiency is low. Dry sowing does not require watering before sowing, and it is covered by soil after sowing. The dry sowing operation is simple and fast, but if the sowing is not good at sowing, improper management after sowing may easily cause lack of seedlings.
2, the depth of sowing is also the thickness of the cover soil, mainly based on seed size, soil texture and climatic conditions. Small seeds, low storage material, weak ability to emerge after germination, and suitable for shallow sowing; conversely, large seeds have more storage material, and the top soil at the time of germination is strong and can be sown in depth. Easy soil ventilation is good, soil temperature is also high, but easy to dry, suitable for deep sowing; conversely, viscous soil, where the groundwater level should be planted should be shallow.
When the temperature is high and dry, the sowing should be deep; when the weather is damp, it should be shallow. In addition, attention should also be paid to the germination nature of the seeds, such as cotyledons unearthed when the bean seeds germinate, in order to avoid rot, it should be shallower than other seeds of the same size. Melon seeds are not easy to fall off when they germinate, often hindering the development of cotyledons and the growth of seedlings. In addition to paying attention to seeding, the seeds must be kept at a certain depth.
(III) Seedling management
In the process of growth and development of seedlings, different environmental conditions will produce different growth characteristics, which are sufficient to determine the growth rate and quality of seedlings. Therefore, it is required that people adopt reasonable and delicate seedling management according to the growth and development rules of seedlings and control the appropriate Environmental conditions to cultivate robust seedlings.
1. Management before splitting
The main management before seedling emergence after seedbed sowing is heat preservation. The seedlings are unearthed until the first true leaf is unfolded. The radicles develop into primary roots, the hypocotyls grow, and the cotyledon hypertrophy. At this stage, nutrients in seeds will be exhausted, and the amount of nutrients produced by cotyledons will be very small. If improper management is most protracted, it should be adapted to reducing night temperature and controlling bed soil moisture, limiting the growth of hypocotyls, promoting cotyledon hypertrophy, cucumber and tomato. Eggplant and other thermophilic vegetables in daytime bed temperature dropped to 20 ~ 22 °C, 12 ~ 16 °C at night. In particular, cucumbers and tomatoes are easy to grow, and the bed temperature at night is slightly lower than eggplant and pepper.
2, split seedlings
Seedbed seeding density is relatively large. With the growth of seedlings, the nutritional area is becoming more and more insufficient, and seedlings must be transplanted to expand the nutritional area. This is the main purpose of sub-seedlings. Of course, transplantation also has the role of promoting lateral rooting and root clustering. However, it should also be noted that transplanting will also inhibit the growth of seedlings. Therefore, if transplantation is reasonable, there are many advantages and disadvantages. Much or bad technology can also do more harm than good.
Watering the day before transplanting facilitates lifting and less root damage. In early spring transplants, avoid flooding and prevent a sharp drop in soil temperature. When transplanting seedlings in early spring, keep warm and promote seedlings. Pay attention to water supply in the late spring to prevent drying. In order to ensure that the seedlings are quickly and slowly transplanted, the temperature should be controlled before transplanting and the seedlings can be exercised. After transplanting, there are generally 3 to 5 days of seedling-reducing period, and the bed temperature should be increased appropriately. However, when the temperature is high before and after noon, shading can be properly applied to prevent seedlings from sprouting. After starting a new root, if the bed soil is dry, the seedling water may be sprayed appropriately.
3, after the seedling management
In this stage, the growth characteristics of seedlings were that the growth was gradually increased, the roots were vigorously developed, the flower buds and lateral branches of fruits and vegetables were gradually differentiated, and the growing points of leafy vegetables continued to differentiate the leaf primordia. Management should coordinate the relationship between growth, vegetative growth and reproductive development on the ground and underground, and prevent the low temperature from causing the unripe bolting of leafy vegetables. After the slow seedling period, new roots are issued, and the heart is opened long. The temperature of the seedlings should be slightly lower than that of the mild seedlings, especially tomatoes and cucumbers. Night-cold seedlings (night temperature 10 to 15°C) are conducive to the development of seedlings. Cabbage can not have a long-term temperature below 5 ~ 9 °C during the seedling growth period to prevent flower bud differentiation caused by low temperature, resulting in premature bolting.
In the stage of seedling cultivation, attention should be paid to the temperature management during the cold wave period, especially the seedlings transplanted into plastic sheds. During the cold wave period, the cover should be increased or temporarily warmed to prevent cold damage. In sunny days, the situation of roasted seedlings in plastic sheds (especially small sheds) is very prone to occur, and care should be taken to prevent them. One of the keys to cultivating robust seedlings is the regulation of moisture. Tomato, cabbage roots are more developed, easy to grow long, the water can be controlled more strictly; eggplant, pepper growth is relatively slow, while ensuring adequate temperature, should maintain high soil moisture, promote normal growth; cucumber roots are not well-developed, but the consumption The amount of water is not small, but it is also easy to grow long. It should have sufficient bottom water to avoid repeated watering. No matter which kind of vegetables, to cultivate strong seedlings, they should not rely on drought to plant seedlings. This seedling is easy to age, but it cannot Watering alone should be done to ensure water conservation, so as to better solve the contradiction between the water requirement for seedlings and the large amount of water.
4, before the planting seedlings exercise
Before the planting, the seedlings were tempered by controlling the temperature to control the seedlings. The purpose was to make the seedlings resistant to stress, quick seedlings, and mature earlier. The pre-planting exercise can be divided into two steps, the first step: night cold exercise, that is, at night to increase the wind, increase the temperature difference between day and night, exercise seedlings. The second step: open-air exercise, that is to remove or basically remove the cover, create a microclimate condition similar to the open field, so that the seedlings can fully adapt to the climate after the planting, watering should be controlled during the entire training process, to prevent the seedlings grow or water content Higher tenderness. During the exercise, care should be taken to prevent frost and rain. The pre-planting exercise can also be combined with pre-planting cutting (that is, hitting the big water to cut the seedlings) or seedlings (the middle gap after cutting the seedlings with a thin earthen soil).
After the seedlings have exercised, the leaf color turns deep, the seedling stems are thick, and the roots develop well, which creates good conditions for growth after planting. Http://
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