First, calcium deficiency
1, symptoms and causes. When the eggplant tree is deficient in calcium, the plant grows slowly, the leaf margin of the young leaves is chlorotic, the reticular veins turn brown, and it is rust-like leaves; when the calcium deficiency is serious, the fruit is prone to umbilical rot. Causes of calcium deficiency: soil drought and water shortage; excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilizers hinder the absorption of calcium by eggplant; air drying, large plant evaporation, insufficient water supply.
2, prevention and treatment methods. Strengthen field management, ensure water and fertilizer supply, add gypsum and other calcium fertilizers; spray the leaves with 0.3% calcium chloride solution, spray once a week.
Second, lack of magnesium
1, symptoms and causes. When the eggplant tree is deficient in magnesium, it is yellow near the veins, especially near the main veins. The leaves are chlorotic, the fruits are small, the fruits are poorly developed, and they are easy to fall off. Causes of magnesium deficiency: mainly because the soil contains less magnesium; or a large amount of potassium fertilizer can inhibit the absorption of magnesium by eggplant.
2, prevention and treatment methods. Add organic fertilizer and magnesium-containing mineral fertilizer, and carry out soil testing and formula fertilization to prevent antagonism: apply calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, or foliar spray with 20% magnesium sulfate once a week.
Third, the root
1, symptoms and causes. Roots can occur in the nursery stage or after planting, which is characterized by the roots not growing new roots and adventitious roots, the root bark is rust brown, and then gradually decays, causing the upper leaves to turn yellow, even wilting and dead, the diseased seedlings are easily pulled from the soil Out. Causes of rooting: Mainly because the soil temperature is lower than 12 °C for a long time; the watering amount is too large, or the rainy day is insufficient, causing the roots of the seedlings to be in a low temperature, too wet, and anoxic state, and the respiration is blocked.
2, prevention and treatment methods. Strengthen the soil temperature management of the seedbed, keep the ground temperature above 16 °C, and the minimum is not lower than 12 °C. Try to increase the light and ventilate the seedlings at the right time. After the slight rooting was found, the soil was loosened in time, the ground temperature was raised, and the rooting agent such as ABT rooting powder was applied to promote the new roots of the seedlings.
Fourth, the stiff fruit
1, symptoms and causes. The stiff fruit, also known as "stone eggplant", occurs mostly in the early and late stages of eggplant harvesting. The fruit is small, the shape is not correct, the peel is white, the flesh is black, and it is hard to eat. The cause of the stiff fruit: mainly caused by low temperature, high temperature or insufficient light before and after flowering, resulting in poor pollen development, affecting pollination and fertilization. In addition, soil fertilizer concentration is too high, water is insufficient, assimilation of nutrients is small, and there will be stiff results.
2, prevention and treatment methods. Strengthen seedling management, the temperature can not be lower than 14 ° C, not higher than 35 ° C. Enhance the illumination, rationally pruning, avoid nutrient consumption; adopt nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium formula fertilization, reasonable irrigation, to meet the water and fertilizer conditions required for plant growth and development.
Five, cracked fruit
1, symptoms and causes. Both young and eggplant can occur. Most of the fruit cracks are not correct. The light ones only have a slight crack in the lower part of the fruit stalk. In the severe case, the whole fruit surface appears longitudinal cracks, revealing the seeds. Causes of cracked fruit: 1 During the growth and development of the fruit, it is too dry and suddenly watered, causing the growth speed of the peel to be less than that of the flesh and causing cracking; 2 improper handling of hormones, such as excessive use of hormones or use or repeated use at high temperatures at noon, Can cause cracking.
2, prevention and treatment methods. Strengthen the management of temperature and humidity, and properly irrigate the water. When using hormones, strictly control the concentration, avoid repeated use, and do not use at high temperatures at noon.
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