The time and methods of jujube grafting directly affect the survival rate of grafting and the amount of growth in the current year. After several years of practice, the authors concluded that the survival rate of the branches in autumn is the highest, and the growth rate is large. The premature survival rate of jujube grafting will decrease accordingly, and the grafting rate will become smaller when it is grafted too late.
Block-shaped buds (chimerized buds) Cut off the wood from a height of 30 cm from the ground. Cut a 2 cm square block of cortex from the land pile, and then select the bud from the scion tree to cut 2 cm square buds. The piece, embedded in the block cortex cut off from old wood, is tied with a plastic film.
After grafting, the jujube seedlings are thawed (before and after the end of October), and the soil is 10 cm above the sprouts. The large plough can be used again, and a small area can be used for soil cultivation to prevent the buds from freezing. After thawing in spring, before the rootstock sprouts, the cold-proof soil should be withdrawn in time to increase the ground temperature, promote budding and germination in time, and it is also conducive to the growth of grafted seedlings.
The rootstocks were cut off before the germination of the rootstocks, which stimulated the sprouting of the sprouts. The anvils were too late and the buds germinated later, which affected the growth of the seedlings. There are two ways to cut the anvil. One is to cut the anvil one at a time, and cut the rootstock at 0.5 cm above the sprout. This method can make the seedlings grow robustly, and the incisions heal well; the second is the second cut anvil, which picks up the buds. Leave 5 to 7 cm to cut off, the rootstock buds are all erased, and the buds need to be germinated before and after germination 2 or 3 times to facilitate the growth of buds. The budding of the secondary anvil is 5-10 cm long and is tied to the live pile of the rootstock to prevent the wind from scratching the seedlings. In the process of growing seedlings, field management such as fertilizer, water control, weed control and pest control must be strengthened to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings.
Connected under the skin (inserting the skin) It is suitable for grafting at the root, grafting near the ground, and high access. The operation method is: first cut the side of the scion into a cut surface with a length of about 3 cm, cut a small cut surface with a length of about 0.5 cm on the opposite side of the base, and then select the smooth side without branches on the rootstock; use a grafting knife from the top Cut from a knife, deep to the xylem, about 2.5 cm in length. After cutting, insert the cut scion from top to bottom between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, paying attention to the long side towards the xylem. The insertion depth is preferably 0.3 cm section (crumb) exposed above the scion. Finally, it is forbidden to bind with a plastic film.
The key factor that influences the management of jujube seedling grafting after grafting is whether it can maintain the humidity of the wound and the viability of the scion. Therefore, within 15 days after grafting, the soil must be kept moist. After grafting, the rootstocks are prone to sprouting, affecting the growth of buds, and in order to enable the concentrated supply of buds to grow, the sprouts of the rootstocks should be erased in time. If 15 days later, it was found that the buds did not germinate, sprouts could be left on the rootstock, and then they would be picked up again in the coming year. About one month later, the interface completely healed. At this time, the membrane should be loosened. At the same time, we should carry out cultivator and weed control, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and do a good job in prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the normal growth of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings.
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