Planting melons has a high yield and the market price is relatively stable. Many vegetable farmers have therefore received good economic benefits. According to the cultivation techniques of some vegetable farmers on the Luocheng Street in Shouguang City, combined with relevant data, the techniques for covering cultivation of the greenhouse crops in the fall are now described as follows:
1. Seeding Seedlings Seedlings in autumn can be sown from mid-late July to mid-August. The planting was too early due to the high temperature and serious disease, too late, due to the short yield during the growing period. 7 to 10 days before sowing, deep-turning the land and applying sufficient basal fertilizer, 2200 kg of organic fertilizer can be used per mu, 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, ploughing and ploughing after spreading, 1 meter wide and 25 cm high.
Select sowing before sunny sowing 1 to 2 days, in order to facilitate germination, and then soaked in warm water at 50 °C for 20 minutes to kill the parasitic surface of the shell species of bacteria, and then soaked with water at room temperature to attract enough water to sow.
Melon germination is afraid of high temperature, optimum germination conditions are around 25°C, germination temperature is high, germination rate is low, and germination time is prolonged. Therefore, the germination of the seeds of autumn melon should be carried out in a shading environment.
2, colonization when the melon seedlings have three true leaves when the best colonization, requiring seedlings of the hypocotyl thick, short leaves, seedlings 8 to 10 cm high, the root system developed, cotyledon can also be seedlings colonization. Transplanting is better in the evening or on cloudy days in sunny days to prevent high temperatures. About 1,000 acres were planted, and live trees were watered immediately after transplanting. Immediately after the transplanting, the apron membrane was removed in order to facilitate the ventilation and reduce the temperature in the shed, regulate the physiological growth of the pods, and promote the formation of female flowers.
Autumn broadcast can also be broadcast live, 2 lines per line, 30 cm spacing, 2 to 3 seeds per hole, cover fine soil after sowing, and then cover the surface of a layer of straw, so that can not only reduce the temperature but also prevent soil compaction, sowing After emergence, water each morning and evening, about 3 to 4 days after emergence.
3, cultivation and management:
The melons are planted in the fall, with fast growth, strong growth, few female flowers, and prone to viral diseases. Therefore, management should pay attention to cooling and humidity control, control of madness, increase plant resistance, promote the formation of female flowers, and adopt artificially assisted pollination or growth hormone points. Flowers, timely cultivating, adjusting leaf area index, improve photosynthesis, and achieve high yields.
Fertilizer management: The melons grow weaker than other melons. The growth period is short. The results are concentrated. For the nursery cultivation, after the survival of the melons, the seedlings are applied once, and after the heart is picked, the cranberry fertilizer is applied once. When the fruit grows rapidly, the fruit fertilizer is promoted once. After the first batch of the compound fertilizer is used, the compound fertilizer is about 10 kilograms per mu. According to the growth of 2 to 3 batches of fertilizer applied at the same time, at the same time pay attention to anti-staining and drainage, meet the dry season irrigation and drought.
Hormone treatment: The formation of female flowers in the melons is generally at 25-30°C. Under the condition of 35°C, female flowers form less, and they are prone to leggy. Therefore, in the autumn cultivation, melons are generally treated with ethephon. Treatment can promote early female flowers, early results, and increase early yield. The ethephon treatment of 4 to 5 true leaves of the main vine vines can help promote the occurrence of female flowers in the main vines. The 40% ethephon treatment concentration is 100 to 150 mg/kg, and spraying is better in the evening. When spraying ethephon, be careful to avoid excessive concentration or excessive water after spraying to prevent growth inhibition or excessive female flowers.
Pruning: In the fall, the melons grow fast and the leaves occur frequently. The leaves must be picked frequently. The principle of picking leaves is to pick yellow leaves without picking functional leaves, picking mad leaves without picking young leaves, picking up high-density bottom leaves, and not picking up upper leaves. Remove the removed leaves in time out of the shed. At the same time, proper thinning of the weak lateral branches and excessive female flowers should be eliminated to facilitate ventilation and light reduction.
Thinning fruit: The melon melon grows quickly in the autumn, generally from flowering to harvesting about 10 days. If the single plant results in 4 to 6 results, the nutrient supply of young fruit will be insufficient and malformed fruit will occur, affecting the quality of the product. Under normal growth conditions, 2 to 3 plants were single-fruited at one time, and the remaining young fruit should be completely removed 3 days after flowering to facilitate the reduction of inefficient nutrient consumption and increase the commercial quality of loquat.
Artificial pollination: autumn quince melon cultivation in the greenhouse, often poor ventilation, it should be artificially assisted pollination. Chaenomeles are dioecious, and flowering at night, artificial pollination should be carried out in the evening, the removal of the male flower open on the day to remove the petals, apply to the female stigma can be.
4, harvest:
The timely harvesting of the melons is an important measure for early maturing and high yield. The large fruits are not harvested, and the young fruits are not well developed. In order to ensure continuous flowering, continuous results, continuous harvesting, and timely harvesting of large fruits. Generally young fruit develops into a melon of 30 to 40 centimeters long and 6 to 8 centimeters in diameter in the high temperature season. This period is the best period for the quality of the melons. The fruit is tender and the flesh is soft and juicy. .
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