At present, China's peach trees occupy an important position in fruit tree cultivation. In the production process, due to improper planting and management measures, there are late results, poor quality, and difficult sales. After years of practice, the author has explored a peach planting and early fruiting measure for this subject. Summarized as follows.
1, planting. Peach trees should be planted on plots with high topography and good soil permeability. Density can be selected according to the mode of operation (being less than 80 pieces of happy-shape mu, 80-110 pieces/mu of herringbone, and more than 200 mu of greenhouses or greenhouses). Although peaches are self-cultivation and cross-pollination can significantly increase the yield, they generally have to allocate a certain amount of pollination trees in their production. The ratio of 40:1 or more can also be used.
2, fertilization. Digging ditch or hole base fertilizer, generally Mushi organic fertilizer 3000-5000 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Mix well with soil, plant and dry, spray lime sulfur mixture, and water to plant water. Then cover the film. Reduces evaporation of soil moisture (breaking membrane can be used).
After planting, when the new shoot grows to more than 100 cm, topdressing (urea) is started. Each plant is suitable for 1-15 grams, and once a month, it promotes rapid and robust growth; it is reported that applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer before flower bud differentiation is beneficial to flower buds. Differentiation; From late June to early July, spraying 0.3% urea on foliar leaves can promote flower bud differentiation; after the onset of hard nuclear stage, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves can increase the sugar content of peach fruit. , bright color, improve fruit quality.
3, irrigation, drainage. Although peach trees are tolerant to drought, they need to have sufficient moisture from sprouting to fruit ripening. Irrigation generally occurs before germination, after flowering and at the beginning of a hard core. In the autumn, water is generally not irrigated, and irrigation is performed in the early winter.
4, Bao Ye added light. Mainly in the growing season, they control locusts, bacterial perforation, and spider mites. The drug selection of Pyrrazine, Zhongshengmycin and Tinyazine is better. Add 0.3% photosynthetic fertilizer at the time of spraying to ensure that the leaves are intact and grow vigorously.
5, topping. When pruning, there is a space when the new shoot grows to 25 centimeters when the heart picks up, when the main shoot grows to 60 centimeters, picks up the heart again, prompts the second branch, the third branch. Eradicate and remove dense branches and buds in time.
6. The controller promotes flowers. Peach bud differentiation generally begins in mid-late July. Practice has shown that the differentiation of peach flower buds is related to the rhythm of shoot growth. Slow growth can lay a material foundation for flower bud differentiation. Therefore, in northern Yubei region, generally 15% of paclobutrazol is sprayed three times at the beginning and the middle of July. Each interval is about 12 days, and the concentrations are 300, 200, and 150 times respectively. Adjust the growth rate of new shoots. The control standard is based on the principle that all new shoots will be capped in mid-August. For example, in mid-August, there were still individual plants with prolonged growth. Immediately afterwards, additional paclobutrazol was sprayed at a higher concentration for 1 time, and 50-fold paclobutrazol solution was also used to apply the shoot tip or higher concentration to shoot branches.
In the growing season, when the soil water content exceeds 40%, it is easy to cause unfavorable growth of shoots and it is easy to suffer from root rot. Water accumulation often causes the death of peach trees in the whole garden. So pay attention to the rainy season drainage, so that the rain stops without water.
7. Pruning in the growing season. Peach trees are very happy and pruning in the growing season is the key measure to achieve early formation, early results, and early high yield.
After leaving the backbone branches open in spring, the young shoots and shoots on the cuts and stems were wiped off; the main shoots on the shoots were cut off at the shoot growth stage in mid-May and late June. Cut off the dense branches and the inner branches of the church (multiple thinning and cutting); before the flower bud differentiation (about July), the slow growth period, the branches of the branches are further improved in light; in August, all the shoots that have not stopped growing are picked up. Promote flower bud differentiation.
8. After the deciduous till the leap year, the pre-emergence management measures. After deciduous deep application of base fertilizer, pouring frozen water. Winter shears only miss the dense branches, not short cuts, short cuts in the spring shearing. The winter tree sprays waves of 3-5 degrees lime sulfur.
The above measures are used alternately to strengthen management, which can achieve the purpose of early fruit and high yield.
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