In order to stably increase the yield per unit area of ​​spring peanuts in dry and thin areas, the Agriculture Bureau of Shanting District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, conducted a high-yield cultivation technology test for peanuts under the conditions of pure dry conditions, including the cultivation system, drought protection, and cultivation techniques. It has formed a high-yield cultivation technology system for groundnuts under the conditions of pure dry farming in hilly areas. Over the past few years, the cumulative area has reached 6,000 hectares.
First, science selection. Peanuts are the result of flowering underground on the ground, and soil conditions have a great influence on peanut production. Generally, it is better to choose sandy loam soil with deep, loose and fertile cultivation. At the same time, the practice of rotating crops can help to nurture strong seedlings and increase resistance. Judging from the time it took for rotation, it is better to implement it for more than three years. The minimum must not be less than two years. There are no special requirements for crop rotation. In Shandong Lunan region, wheat, corn, vegetables, grains, or potato crops are the main products.
Second, soil preparation and fertilization. If peanuts are planted in winter and field, they can be used for winter ploughing and sowing, harvesting soil and increasing soil temperature after harvesting the crops in late last year. Early spring thawing should be conducted as soon as possible in the early stage of thawing, and fine soil preparation can be achieved. Afterwards, when the surface is slightly dry, the soil will be smashed in time. And to do balanced fertilization, improve fertilizer utilization and soil water utilization. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied is 1:1.5:2. The optimum amount of nutrients is determined first, and then other nutrient dosages are determined in proportion, such as nitrogen-fixing phosphorus and potassium-fixing. In general, 4,000 to 4,500 kg of organic manure, 40 kg of urea, 70 kg of superphosphate, 25 kg of potassium sulfate, and 140 kg of plant ash can be applied per 667 square meters.
Third, choose a good seed. The use of improved varieties generally can increase production by 10% to 20%. The peanut varieties suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province mainly include: Fenghua No.1, Huayu No.17, Huayu No.19, and Yuhua No.6 with early maturity, high and stable yield, large fruit and large kernels, and high rice yield. It is best to use the seeds of autumn peanuts to protect the spring seedlings. Because the seeds of autumn peanuts have strong vitality, after sowing under the adverse environmental conditions such as low temperature and rain, they can maintain the seedling rate above 90%, which is 10%~15% higher than that of spring peanut seeds.
Fourth, seed processing. In order to improve the germination ability of seeds, it is necessary to dry fruits for 2 to 3 days before shelling. 1 graded particle selection. After husking, the granules were sorted by grading, and pests, broken kernels and barley kernels were picked out. The seed kernels used for seeding were divided into primary and secondary seeds, which were collected and sowed separately. 2 germination pick buds. Seed quality is good, germination rate is above 98%, available dry seed live. If the seed germination rate is poor, the sand bed should be used to germinate. After 20 to 24 hours, when the seed germs are whitened, the buds should be sowed to ensure that the seedlings are full, the seedlings are full, and the seedlings are strong. 3 drug seed dressing. Prior to sowing, with the use of 40% methylisothiphos and 40% carbendazim for seedlings and other land pests and re-emerging land re-emergence fields, 0.2% seed weight was used for seed dressing; and root knot nematode and wilt disease recurrence The plots were applied to the sowing ditch or hole with 15% iron bromide or 40% methylisophosphoric acid 1 kg finely mixed soil 30 kg, and were treated with 40% carbendazim seed dressing; or for every 10 kg peanut seed before sowing 25 ml of “Wei Fu†seed coating agent is applied to 50 ml of water for seed dressing to prevent diseases and promote the growth and development of peanuts.
Fifth, rational close planting. Density is a comprehensive manifestation of cultivation levels and is constrained by various factors such as soil quality, fertilization level, and variety.
The required number of plants per unit area is required. The average density of ramie seedlings is 667 to 10,000 square feet. The upper limit of the peanut varieties with shorter plants is higher and the lower limit of the plants is higher; the upper limit of soil fertility is higher, and the lower limit of soil fertility is lower.
Six, sowing and filming. 1 timely sowing. The film can increase the ground temperature by 5 to 5 centimeters at 5 centimeters, and it can be planted 7 days or so earlier than the open field cultivation. The 5 cm ground temperature can be planted when the average temperature is stable above 15°C for 5 consecutive days (5 cm soil moisture accounts for 50% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field). The suitable planting period for peanut covered with peanuts in Shandong Lunan is April 5-15. Sowing is appropriate. 2 fine sowing. Open two 3 to 4 cm deep seeding trenches (or 2 rows of seed holes) on the entire ridge. The two trenches are 10 cm from the ridge edge. 3 spray coating. After sowing, use 50% acetochlor EC or 12% Nong Siqi each 75 ml/sq.m, 50 kg of water, and evenly spray ridges and ridges on both sides to prevent breeding of weeds. Then paving touch, on both sides of the earth pressure pressure, in the roof every 1.5 to 2 meters at a small cross-border soil to prevent the wind blow off the film.
Seven, scientific fertilizer. Peanuts need different nutrient requirements for different growth periods: fewer seedlings, more flowering needles, the most scabs, and fewer matures. When the top soil of peanuts, it is necessary to pay attention to broken membrane seedlings, and cover some holes in the membrane wet soil. In the group period, 667 square meters of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer 8 to 10 kilograms, with 5 kilograms of urea; spend 667 square meters per 667 square meters topdressing potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10 to 12 kg. When the peanut height is 40 centimeters or the basic line is sealed, a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 50 to 100 mg/kg should be sprayed to prevent the peanuts from growing. In the late growth stage, it is necessary to cope with premature fertility deficiency, spray 0.3% to 0.5% urea solution, spray 8 to 10 kg of water per 667 square meters, spray once every 8 days, and spray 2 to 3 times.
Eight, rational drainage and irrigation. First, according to the characteristics of peanut demand, sprouting seedling stage, keep the soil moist, is conducive to Miao Qi Miao Zhuang; seedlings to control the water hardening seedlings, to reach seedlings strong; spend acupuncture period (about 40 to 70 days after sowing) is the entire birth The period with the most water requirement is the most sensitive to the water requirement, and the normal water supply should be maintained as much as possible; during the scab phase (about 70 days after sowing), the soil should be in a relatively dry environment, avoiding excessive water, resulting in stems and leaves Being long and lodging, the soil is poorly ventilated and even rancid, production is reduced and quality is reduced. The second is for peanut fields that are not covered by plastic film. Before peanuts were ridged and covered, most of the surface was exposed to sunlight and soil loss was serious. During this period, when the surface was slightly dry after the rain, shallow cultivators were used to help preserve the soil.
Nine, pest control. There are many types of peanut pests and diseases, and the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control†must be implemented in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Ecological control should be emphasized. In line with the principles of safety, quality, and nutrition, coordinated application of agricultural, biological, and chemical technologies should be coordinated. 1 Disease prevention and control. With 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times, or Jinggangmycin 1000 times, or 800 times that of zein Zn can control leaf spot, brown spot, Sclerotinia and root rot etc. Disease. 2 Insect pest control: If locusts occur during seedling stage, 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times solution can be used for prevention and treatment; in the middle and later stages, pests such as cotton bollworm, bridge-building insect, and beet armyworm emerge, and before the third instar use AO Green 1 Suspension agent 750 ~ 1000 times liquid; When the advent of the advent period, spraying plants with 0.1% oxalic acid, repellent adult is very good. 3 against rat damage. Mainly to destroy manually, clip play, water irrigation, digging holes to catch and so on.
Ten, timely harvest. The appropriate harvest period for peanuts should be based on the variety and the length of the plant. In general, 135 days after sowing of spring peanuts is a suitable harvest period. It is more appropriate to leave peanuts harvested about 5 days in advance. Covered with peanuts in the field, in the first half of the harvest, Shun ridge ditch picks the remaining film to avoid white pollution in the field. To achieve timely harvest, to prevent fruit drop, germination, reduce the chance of infection with Aspergillus flavus, dry timely after harvest, to reach 15% of safe moisture storage, to prevent mildew.
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