Due to the high multiple cropping index and the large amount of fertilizer input in the facility soil, coupled with the leaching of natural precipitation, the salinity could not be infiltrated in time, and with the increase of planting time, secondary salinization is very likely to occur. Salinization breaks the original acid-base balance of the soil, which makes the soil acidic and soil nutrients unbalanced. Some nutrients cannot be absorbed by crops; the soil structure is changed, the compaction is severe, the tillage layer becomes shallow, and the aeration and water permeability deteriorate. When the total salt concentration in the soil is more than 0.3%, the plant's absorption of water and nutrients can be significantly inhibited, and the crop has obvious growth obstacles.
If the soil is salinized, it can be judged by looking at the color of the ground, seeing the activities, and watching the plants.
The first is to look at the ground color
If the ground appears red, white and blue, it means that there is a large accumulation of mineral elements in the soil and salinization occurs. Red is a purple algae, an indicator plant of saline. Its appearance shows that the salt content in the soil is already very high, reaching about 0.5% for improvement. The white layer accumulates a layer of white frost on the surface, and the common people call it “return alkali†due to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, causing calcium, sodium, magnesium and other cations to accumulate on the surface of the soil and reacting with chloride, sulfate, and carbonate. form. Green is moss. Moss has two preferences. One is wet, and the second is saline. In the case of excess nitrogen fertilizer, it will rapidly reproduce, and is often found near the facility irrigation pipeline. The ground color most intuitively reflects the excessive input of fertilizers or the reduction of soil organic matter, the ability to retain fertilizers, and the deterioration of production conditions.
The second is to look at activities
蚯蚓 likes organic-rich soil. If salinization occurs, the content of organic matter in the soil will be reduced, and the soil will be hard to build up, resulting in poor air permeability. The soil will lack necessary food and air, and the survival and reproduction ability of earthworms will be greatly reduced, and the ability of soil improvement and recovery will be weakened.
The third is to see plants
As the organic matter in salinized soil is reduced, salinity is increased, air permeability is reduced, the mobility of nutrients is slowed down, root activity is decreased, and vegetables are prone to rooting, dead trees, and lack of elements. It is easier for crop roots to be infected by diseases, nutrient elements are more difficult to absorb, and a vicious circle is formed.
The methods for controlling soil salinization mainly include the following: First, increase straw organic fertilizer. Residual cations from straw decomposition are few, even if used for many years without causing secondary salinization of the soil. Straw fertilizer can not only block the rising capillary water, but also consume the nitrogen in the topsoil during the decomposition process, which is beneficial to the control of salt damage. The second is to use less chlorine-containing sulfur fertilizers, the best choice of slow-release fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. Because ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate than the urea and compound fertilizer. The third is to achieve balanced fertilization, according to the required fertilizer characteristics of the vegetable species to be planned for fertilization, and take a small number of multiple application methods to prevent excessive use of one-time fertilizer. The fourth is to remove salt by drainage. In the summer, the shed film is removed and the surface soil is leached with rainwater. Serious damage greenhouses, but also to take irrigation salt wash method, that is, after the flat land, irrigation 5 cm or so, soak a few days after the exclusion, repeated 2-3 times. The fifth is the rotation of salt and the absorption of salt by planting leguminous crops, green manure, sorghum and other crops to reduce salt damage. Cucumber, green beans, tomatoes and other vegetables have relatively weak salt resistance, while edible fungus, asparagus, etc. have strong salt resistance, and they can be selected according to local conditions during cultivation.
If the soil is salinized, it can be judged by looking at the color of the ground, seeing the activities, and watching the plants.
The first is to look at the ground color
If the ground appears red, white and blue, it means that there is a large accumulation of mineral elements in the soil and salinization occurs. Red is a purple algae, an indicator plant of saline. Its appearance shows that the salt content in the soil is already very high, reaching about 0.5% for improvement. The white layer accumulates a layer of white frost on the surface, and the common people call it “return alkali†due to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, causing calcium, sodium, magnesium and other cations to accumulate on the surface of the soil and reacting with chloride, sulfate, and carbonate. form. Green is moss. Moss has two preferences. One is wet, and the second is saline. In the case of excess nitrogen fertilizer, it will rapidly reproduce, and is often found near the facility irrigation pipeline. The ground color most intuitively reflects the excessive input of fertilizers or the reduction of soil organic matter, the ability to retain fertilizers, and the deterioration of production conditions.
The second is to look at activities
蚯蚓 likes organic-rich soil. If salinization occurs, the content of organic matter in the soil will be reduced, and the soil will be hard to build up, resulting in poor air permeability. The soil will lack necessary food and air, and the survival and reproduction ability of earthworms will be greatly reduced, and the ability of soil improvement and recovery will be weakened.
The third is to see plants
As the organic matter in salinized soil is reduced, salinity is increased, air permeability is reduced, the mobility of nutrients is slowed down, root activity is decreased, and vegetables are prone to rooting, dead trees, and lack of elements. It is easier for crop roots to be infected by diseases, nutrient elements are more difficult to absorb, and a vicious circle is formed.
The methods for controlling soil salinization mainly include the following: First, increase straw organic fertilizer. Residual cations from straw decomposition are few, even if used for many years without causing secondary salinization of the soil. Straw fertilizer can not only block the rising capillary water, but also consume the nitrogen in the topsoil during the decomposition process, which is beneficial to the control of salt damage. The second is to use less chlorine-containing sulfur fertilizers, the best choice of slow-release fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. Because ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate than the urea and compound fertilizer. The third is to achieve balanced fertilization, according to the required fertilizer characteristics of the vegetable species to be planned for fertilization, and take a small number of multiple application methods to prevent excessive use of one-time fertilizer. The fourth is to remove salt by drainage. In the summer, the shed film is removed and the surface soil is leached with rainwater. Serious damage greenhouses, but also to take irrigation salt wash method, that is, after the flat land, irrigation 5 cm or so, soak a few days after the exclusion, repeated 2-3 times. The fifth is the rotation of salt and the absorption of salt by planting leguminous crops, green manure, sorghum and other crops to reduce salt damage. Cucumber, green beans, tomatoes and other vegetables have relatively weak salt resistance, while edible fungus, asparagus, etc. have strong salt resistance, and they can be selected according to local conditions during cultivation.
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