The survival rate of piglets is the basis for pig production, and it is the key to the development of quantity, improvement of quality and reduction of production costs. Especially in winter, the climate is relatively cold, and the disease-resistance ability of suckling piglets is relatively weak. If they are not properly managed after birth, they can easily cause death and bring serious economic losses to the pig farms and farmers. Therefore, in order to improve the pig-raising economy, Benefits: Feeding management must be strengthened to maximize the survival rate of piglets. The specific measures are as follows:
1. Scientific feeding Pregnancy should be based on the characteristics of the sow's different stages of pregnancy to ensure that the sow gets sufficient nutrients to meet the needs of fetal growth and development, but do not make the sow too obese, and pay attention to proper exercise to enhance the sow's constitution. During the lactation period, efforts should be made to increase the amount of milk produced by the sow, and attention should be paid to the appropriate energy and protein levels for the lactating sow. The selection of raw materials should focus on the consideration of feeds rich in calcium, protein, and fat. For example, cooked soybeans are the best choice for the sow's dietary composition. They are both the source of high quality protein and the way of fat supply. Adding fat to the sow diet can increase the level of ketogenic substances in the plasma, increase the energy reserve of the fetus by way of glucose distribution, and effectively increase the milking power of the sow, thereby increasing the growth rate and survival rate of the piglet.
2. The practice of hand-to-mouth production showed that over 80% of the pigs that died of lactation, squeezing, death, and starvation accounted for more than 80% of all dead pigs during the lactation period. The underlying cause of death was caused by negligence and improper management. After the birth of the nursing piglets, raise the responsibility of the breeder and improve the responsibility of the breeder. Hand over the delivery of special care (especially during the winter night, the sow should be kept on duty at the time of childbirth) and immediately wipe the body of the newly born piglet with a soft rag to dry the piglet's body. The water is immediately put into the bucket (pot) containing the lysozyme Tengjun "clean body keys", and the "clean body" button is used to wipe out the baby's body coat, and evenly on the body, especially the umbilical cord Apply the "clean body button". A layer of “clean body bonds†is sprinkled on the insulated rest area of ​​piglets, which can effectively reduce the mortality of suckling piglets.
3, cold and warm newborn piglets have not yet fully developed the organization and function, subcutaneous fat is thin, coat is sparse, cold resistance. Especially in low-temperature environments, piglets are susceptible to hypoglycemia, colds, pneumonia and other diseases. In severe cases, they will die in large numbers. The suitable temperature for piglet growth is: 35°C within 6 hours of birth, 30°C to 34°C for 1 day to 3 days, 28°C to 30°C, 8 days to 15 days for 4 days to 7 days Age 25 °C ~ 28 °C. Therefore, winter pig houses must be blocked from wind tunnels, replaced with grass, and kept dry. It is best to build insulation rooms in the corner of the production circle, with 150-250 watt infrared light bulbs suspended from the top and 40 cm to 50 cm away from the bed. The piglet grows and raises the distance between the bulb and the bed.
4. Fixed nipple fixed papilla is one of the main measures to improve the survival rate of piglets. After the whole litter of piglets is born, they can train their fixed nipples to ensure that each piglet can eat breast milk in time. The method of fixing the nipple is: let the piglet choose oneself first, and then adjust according to the size of the body weight, so that the weak piglet eats the middle and the front nipple, and the strong piglet eats the posterior nipple. Artificially assisted for two or three days, it is possible to fix the position of suckling piglets to ensure that the piglets grow more evenly.
5, early to eat colostrum in the high protein content, of which 60% to 70% are immune globulin, because the piglets were born without innate immunity, only to eat colostrum, in order to obtain immunity. When the piglets were born, the intestinal epithelium was in its original state and had the function of absorbing macromolecular immunoglobulins. It began to decline after 6 hours and almost lost this function after 12 hours. Therefore, eating colostrum early and eating colostrum is an effective measure to improve the disease resistance of piglets.
6. Timing feeding sows began to increase gradually from 5 days postpartum, reached the peak of lactation in 20 days, and gradually decreased after 30 days. At this time, the growth of piglets was gradually accelerating. Breastfeeding alone could not meet its growth needs. nutrient. Early feeding can promote the development of the digestive tract and digestive glands, avoiding pig litter, reducing diarrhea, and reducing death. In order to ensure the normal growth of piglets, it is necessary to supplement the feed in a timely manner, that is, the feeding of piglets is started 6 days to 7 days after the start of feeding. After 10 days, high-energy, high-protein, palatable, and easily digestible full-price mixes are gradually added.
7. Iron supplementation of iron supplements to newborn piglets is an easily overlooked but very important measure. Newborn piglets need an average of 7 to 11 milligrams of iron per day, but less than 0.2 milligrams in 100 grams of pig's milk, which is less than 5% of the pig's iron requirement. Iron-deficient piglets exhibit symptoms of anemia. Piglets that grow fast often die suddenly due to lack of oxygen, or suffer from lack of energy and slow growth. They are also prone to complicated white psoriasis and pneumonia. Therefore, newborn piglets must be supplemented with iron salts in a timely manner, that is, two-day-old 3-day-old pigs injected intramuscular injection of 100 mg of iron compound preparations, such as "blood", to prevent piglets from causing diarrhea due to anemia.
8, drug health: In order to improve the resistance of newborn pigs, can be used in piglets after long-term injection of long-acting antibacterial agents, such as after birth on the 2nd, 7th, 21st intramuscular injection of "Kang" injection 0.5 ~ 1ml / head . About one week after birth and about 20 days of age are the peak period of piglet onset. It is mainly white piglets. Three weeks prior to sow giving birth, K88~K99 bivalent genetically engineered vaccines were used for preventive injection.
9. Prevent the sow to be bulky and slow to move. It is easy to step on or crush the piglets when they are lying down, especially if the piglets are born from 1 to 3 days. Therefore, guard bars or nursery rooms should be set up, and mothers should be allowed to sleep and rest to prevent crushed piglets.
10. Scientifically weaned piglets are generally about 35 days old at weaning. Five days before weaning is planned, the sows will gradually reduce the material to reduce the secretion of milk and force the pigs to eat so that weaning can reduce the stress on the piglets. Piglets after weaning should be kept in the original circle, and the temperature in the small environment must also be kept at 24°C, which is most easily overlooked. In general, the piglets refused to feed on the day of weaning. On the second day, the appetite for piglets increased sharply because of hunger. Therefore, when feeding piglets, do not feed too much and let the piglets eat only 80% of the time. Because the digestive organs of piglets are underdeveloped, overfeeding can lead to indigestion, diarrhea, weight loss, and even death from dehydration. It is best to feed 5 to 6 times a day, and the interval should be 3 hours to 4 hours. In view of the recent widespread occurrence of porcine respiratory diseases, 400 mg/T plus doxycycline 200 g/T can be added to feeds for 1 week before and after weaning, which has a certain preventive effect.
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