Summer corn is the main autumn grain crop in our district, and the key season for its cultivation and management is “three summersâ€, which is the most intense season in agriculture. With the development of market agriculture, how to simplify the technical aspects of corn cultivation and achieve high yield and high efficiency has become an important issue to be solved in the agricultural production in our region. In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency of corn, we conducted experiments and demonstrations based on the characteristics of natural resources in our region, the conditions for the production of summer corn, and the problems commonly encountered in production from 1991 to 1993 based on our advanced experience at home and abroad. It can meet the normal growth and development requirements of corn and increase the efficiency of labor production. It is suitable for the simplified cultivation technology system of summer corn in the two-season type of our region. The project is planned to promote 1 million mu in 1993, actual implementation of 1.132 million mu, plans to produce 350 kilograms per mu, and surveyed 756 typical land plots in prefectures, counties, and townships. The average yield per mu is 421.6 kg, and the average yield per mu is 106.8 kg. The yield increase is 33.9%. A total of 120.934 million kilograms of grain will be produced, 20 to 30% of provincial workers will be employed, the cost will be reduced by 15 yuan, and the net income will increase by 56.63 yuan per mu, and the total net income will increase by 64,049,800 yuan. Main Cultivation Techniques (I) Fine (Lesser) Machine Broadcasting We mainly use two methods for the fine (less) amount of sowing in our area. One is the use of a corn seeding (less) amount of seeders for planting seedlings; Fertilizer application, rotary tillage and leveling, fine (less) volume broadcast. Mu sowing volume 2.5 to 3.0 kg. According to the survey, an area of ​​103.7 million mu of maize (minor) seeding machine was sown, accounting for 91.6% of the project area. Fine (small) amount of sowing machines were completed once by trenching, on-demand broadcasting, covering, repression, and other processes. And the seeding depth of the seed, both from the sowing speed and quality are greatly exceeded by hand. The use of fine (less) amount of machine to sow the average amount of labor to save 1 to 2 labor, reduce the cost of 4 to 6 without, and shorten the time of sowing operations, for the time of farming, but also for corn growth has won more abundant time. In 1993, we planted summer maize before June 15th, which was 3 to 5 days earlier than previous years. This alone increased the yield by 20 to 30 kilograms per mu, and the increase in economic benefit was about 20 yuan. (b) Chemical weed control In high-temperature and rainy summer, weeds grow in corn fields. There are mainly crabgrass, purslane, amaranthus, and green foxtail, accounting for more than 85% of the total number of weeds. Even with many cultivators, the threat of grassland is still great. According to experiments, due to weed competition, 5.06 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.81 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 8.76 kg of potassium fertilizer were lost per acre in the control area, which greatly exceeded the treatment of removing the fertilizer. After applying chemical herbicide once in summer maize, it can generally save grass and grassland, reduce artificial grasses 2 to 3 times, and save 3 to 4 labors. As the cultivator is eliminated, mechanical injury is reduced, and the number of mu spikes is increased. 300 to 500 spikes. In the selection of herbicides, we used atrazine for many years in our area, and will not harm the glutinous wheat at reasonable doses. However, excessive consumption or uneven spraying will cause serious wheat seedlings. Atrazine is less active against weeds in the summer, and therefore, the project generally implements the formulation of pesticides in our area. Atrazine is mainly used in combination with other herbicides to expand the scope of grass killing. It can reduce the dosage of atrazine and reduce the harm to the crop. According to the test, the use of atrazine 75 grams plus 48% of the cable 75 grams (or 50% acetochlor, 48% of the Dole) mixed with 30 to 50 kg of water spray, the best weeding effect, up to More than 90. Spraying methods: 1. Wheat seedlings after sowing, irrigation, spraying; 2. Wheat harvesting, post-cultivation, application of base fertilizer, rotary tillage, sowing, spraying; 3. Spade sowing, irrigation, spraying, covering wheat straw or wheat bran. (3) Re-apply Miao (bottom) fertilizer Summer maize has a short growth period, and it is in a high temperature and rainy season. It grows quickly. The amount of fertilizer required at the seedling stage is greater than that of spring maize. Re-application of seedling (bottom) fertilizer is important for increasing yield. Measures, tests show that in the Mushi pure N6 ~ 18 kg, the earlier the fertilization time, the higher the yield. The reason is that the early fertilization materials, the plants show strong early seedlings, the rate of leaf emergence is fast, the leaf area is large, and the silking stage is 2 to 3 days ahead of schedule, which creates the conditions for increasing the number of grains per spike to increase the 1000-grain weight. According to this, not only an increase in production measures, but also because it is easy to fertilize, it is also a simplified cultivation measures. (IV) Covering wheat straw and water-saving fertilizers Under the ecological and environmental conditions of low organic matter content, drought, and scarce groundwater resources in this area, covering wheat straw plays an important role in saving water and fertilizing. Multi-point test results show that covering wheat straw can generally increase soil moisture by 2 to 5%. When waxy corn and sorghum and wheat are used for water, water is saved at 60 to 120 square feet, and soil organic matter is increased and fertilized. Fertility can increase corn production by 20-45 kg. It also has a significant effect on the inhibition of weeds in corn fields, which can reach more than 90%. The method of application was applied and water and fertilizer were combined before summer maize jointing. Shun ridge shop, generally acres of wheat straw 400 to 500 kg. After application of wheat straw, pests increase accordingly, and 1000 times of methamidophos or 5000 times of deltamethrin can be sprayed.
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