Between late April and the end of May this year, our province encountered a severe drought that had not been encountered for 30 years. More than 50 days of persistent high temperature and little rain, the province's average temperature of 21.9 °C, 1.4 °C higher than the same period over the previous year, the average sunshine hours 252.2 hours, 28.1 hours higher than the same period over the calendar year, the average monthly precipitation 39.3mm, 98% of the site than Less than the same period of the calendar year, most places did not start raining until the end of May. After the tobacco plants were transplanted, the air humidity was low, the evaporation in the tobacco fields was large, and the soil was seriously deficient in water. Long-term drought had a great influence on the normal growth and development of the tobacco plants in the field, which increased the difficulty in controlling the pests and diseases of flue-cured tobacco.
First, the current occurrence of pests and diseases At present, the majority of tobacco-growing areas in our province gradually alleviated the drought, the tobacco began to grow, due to changes in climatic conditions and tobacco plants in early growth is not normal, resulting in local tobacco diseases and insect pests began to occur:
1. The damages of underground pests such as cockroaches, earthworms, earthworms, golden needleworms, and mimicking grasshoppers weakened. Spodoptera littoralis, big grey cichlids and chafers were harmed in a more serious manner. The amount of propagation of haze increased, and the chance of transmission of virus-borne diseases increased. Tobacco pests are a serious hazard.
2. Long-term, multiple-irrigation (field) irrigation of field tobacco plants, insufficient depth of soil when raising ditch, soil compaction in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants, heavy rainfall, poor soil permeability, and oxygen-deficient rotting in black Rickets, root black rot occurs more severely.
3. The supply of water and fertilizer in the early stage of the tobacco plant was inconsistent, and the growth and development were poor and the resistance was poor. After entering the rainy season, the tobacco plants grow vigorously, and the high-temperature, high-humidity tobacco field microclimate is particularly conducive to the occurrence and epidemic of climate scab, anthracnose, wildfire, and bacterial wilt.
Therefore, at the same time as doing well in the management of field cultivators, it is necessary to strengthen the prediction and comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Second, the main control measures
(1) Agricultural control
1. Scientifically regulate the water and fertilizer in tobacco fields, achieve balanced supply of nutrients to tobacco plants, and spray foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times (0.2%), supplement phosphorus and potassium, promote the normal growth of tobacco plants, and increase the resilience of tobacco plants.
2. Strengthen the management of the cultivator and maintain the health of tobacco fields. Timely carry out weeding, weeding, ditching soil, removing invalid bottom leaves, and removing diseased leaves and diseased plants. Improve soil permeability, enhance tobacco field ventilation, light transmission and drainage performance, optimize tobacco plant canopy microclimate, reduce field pest host and disease infestation source.
3. The tobacco farmer labors to work hard to get healthy strains, after the diseased plants, after careful contact with the onset of tobacco plants to disinfect, to prevent the spread of virus-borne diseases.
4 timely capping snoring, promote the application of chemical suppression of buds, reduce the locust damage and transmission, reduce agricultural wound infection.
(II) Pharmaceutical Control
1. Tobacco pest control:
(1) 2000 times solution of Kang Fu Duo (20% imidacloprid soluble liquid), Da Gong Ju (10% imidacloprid wettable powder) 2000 times, Nongjia Pan (3% acetamiprid EC), Mobilang (3% Acetamiprid EC) 1000 to 1500 times control aphids.
(2) Spodoptera littoralis, big gray elephant weevil, scarab and other pests, artificial capture, bait trapping, or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times spray control.
2. Tobacco fungal disease prevention and treatment
(1) Timely spraying (or watering) with 58% metalaxyl MnZn 300x, 50% Mobil WP 1000x, 72.2% Propoxide 600x, about each spray (or Watering root) 50 ml liquid, penetrate into the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants, control black shank disease, root black rot.
(2) For the prevention of anthrax disease (50% basic copper sulphate WP) 1000 times, use 80% dexamethasone wettable powder 600 times, and trehalose 800 times.
3. 72% of tobacco bacterial disease prevention and control, 68% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate spraying 200 units/ml of wildfire control, irrigation and control of bacterial wilt.
4. Prevention of Tobacco Virus Diseases For virus diseases, use 600 to 800 times of poisonous elimination, 200 to 250 times of bacteria for Grams, 500 to 700 times of liquid for virus, 500 times of liquid for soil, 6000 times of liquid for anti-virus. Alternate system defense.
5. Non-invasive disease prevention and control of climatic spot disease, sprayed with 300-fold solution of Bordeaux mixture, 80% 800% solution of dexamethasone, and 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times.
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