First, the problem is proposed in the greenhouse cultivation of fruits, fruits, vegetables, flowers, herbs, edible fungi and other plants, has been widely used throughout the country. Laizhou City is mainly based on heat-insulating plastic greenhouses. It has a variety of structures and different planting methods. The differences in benefits are relatively large. How to use lower costs, long construction life, suitable for mechanical operations, easy to scale production, and Its internal environment more effectively adapts to and controls plant growth, and it has become one of the important tasks of agricultural machinery and technology workers.
Second, the status quo at home and abroad developed countries in the development of facility agriculture, high starting, rapid progress, the Netherlands, Israel, South Korea and other countries, with a permanent steel frame as the main body, temperature, humidity, irrigation, top dressing, weeding, fighting drugs, Harvesting and packaging are mainly based on automation or mechanization, and the facilities are expensive. The unit cost of a general group of sheds is around RMB 140 per square meter. Although this type of facility can achieve high efficiency, under the current economic conditions in our country, the production-to-investment ratio is not reasonable.
China attaches great importance to the development of facility agriculture, and governments and authorities at all levels frequently formulate various tilting policies and give financial or material support. Up till now, the cultivated area of ​​the whole country has reached 80 million mu, and Laizhou has also reached 12,000 mu. The further strengthening of agricultural production by the central and local governments at all levels has undoubtedly brought new vitality to the development of facility agriculture.
Third, the optimization model of solar greenhouses The construction of solar greenhouses must meet the following conditions. First, there must be a strong insulation of the rear, side protection walls and inclined sunlight receiving surface; Second, there must be sufficient strength of the slope support frame and the slide to facilitate the rolling of the insulation curtain; Moreover, to design the irrigation infrastructure and facilitate the product The access to machinery and access to the control of equipment and equipment; in addition to sufficient base fertilizer in advance, excavation suitable for plant cultivation of the ditch, acupuncture points, while the soil for drug treatment. The location of the sheds should be selected in areas with good water conservancy conditions, thick soil layer, strong fertility and water conservation capacity, easy access to electricity, high-rise buildings, and areas far away from the dirt roads, and be relatively concentrated, so as to facilitate the full utilization of machines and the input of group facilities.
The existing greenhouses in Laizhou City can be divided into four types: wallless arch structures, mound compaction structures, grass mud stacking structures, and mortar masonry structures in accordance with the protective wall structure; And no column structure two. Now we introduce the improvement and promotion of greenhouses in our city as follows.
(1) No wall bamboo scaffolding In the early 1980s, under the guidance of scientists and technicians, Laizhou farmers used bamboo baskets to bundle and plant a long arched structure with plastic film on the surface to form a plastic arch. The structure of the greenhouse is low in strength, short in lifespan, poor in insulation performance and short in plant growth period. However, under the premise of low input at that time, appropriate sowing time can be advanced and the harvest period can be extended to obtain a certain time difference benefit. With the continuous increase of planting varieties and the development of social economy, greenhouses without walls and without insulation are gradually being eliminated.
(II) Test and selection of protection wall sheds In order to improve the insulation performance of greenhouses, on the basis of arched sheds, trials and trials have been carried out to construct sheds with pillars and non-pillared protective walls and covered with plastic films. Rolled single or double grass curtains, so that plants grow in greenhouses in the greenhouse for many years.
The protective wall of a greenhouse protects three functions: one is wind insulation, the other is solid bearing, and the third is to maintain enough space in the shed. Based on the above three aspects, we conducted tests and examinations. The results show that the protective wall can be constructed of three main materials: masonry, grass mud, and soil, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than -11°C. Body thickness 0.8 ~ 1m is appropriate (depending on plant species). In the construction of grass-mudstone protection walls, 15 kg of dry straw is used per cubic meter of straw, and evenly mixed with water, and no muddy water is allowed to seep out after the pressure is formed. The earth mound type protective wall is a bulldozer that uses a bulldozer to high-pressure solids. Slope protection, tangential compaction of the surface of the sun; grouted masonry protective walls are generally long U-shaped, facing north to south, east-west, leaving a side door in the eastern end wall or the western end wall that can pass through the machine, conditional areas, can be Outside the door, an 8 to 10 foot operation room is built. The outer door of the operation room is set to the south to prevent the north wind from entering.
Before 1997, most of the sheds built in Laizhou were bamboo structures, with columns to ensure that the structures had sufficient strength. The main beam of the new type of greenhouse is made up of magnesite prefabricated parts or steel frame structures. There are no columns in the shed, which can increase the planting area and facilitate the mechanical operation.
The main beam is horizontally pulled 26 wires, and is firmly tied with the main beam, and then placed 1 ~ 1.5cm diameter bamboo poles (spacing 30 ~ 35cm) and tied tightly with the wire. The plastic film is laid on the bamboo basket, and the film is covered with a single layer or a double layer of straw curtains. The straw curtain is braided with straw and hemp rope, and the thickness is 5 to 8 cm and the width is 150 to 200 cm.
Standard front sheds have different floor areas. This not only inconveniences preparation and construction, but also causes waste of materials. After the standardization, the width of the shed is 10m in the north and south, and the length of the shed can be appropriately shortened or lengthened by a multiple of 10m. The length is determined to be 70m, so that the greenhouse area is 700m2.
(III) Selection and Assumption of Machinery
1. With the continuous expansion of the production scale of the greenhouses and the formation of industrialization, the need for machinery in the shed has become more and more urgent. Laizhou is now powered by a 4.5- to 5.9-kw walking tractor or pastoral mini tiller, supporting single-hoe plows, rotary cultivators, and drug pumps to perform tillage, seeding, spraying, and weeding operations. The degree of satisfaction has been achieved.
In greenhouse irrigation, most channels or semi-fixed pipelines are watered along the planting line, which results in a serious waste of water and an unsatisfactory environment for plant growth. In the past two years, we have conducted tests on drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, and micro-sprinkler irrigation in some greenhouses, saving more than 40% of water and increasing production by more than 28%. Although one-time investment is relatively large, the ratio of production to investment is objective, and three years is sufficient to recover the input cost.
The increase of gas and fertilizer application is an important way to increase the concentration of CO2 in greenhouses, promote photosynthesis of plants, and obtain high-yield and high-quality fruits. Since greenhouses rarely ventilate, in the case of good sunshine, due to photosynthesis of plants, the concentration of CO2 in the greenhouse is far less than that in the atmosphere, which directly restricts the growth and quality of plants. It is mainly obtained by burning hydrocarbons (natural gas, white kerosene, etc.) to obtain CO2 or direct release of liquefied CO2. These methods are relatively simple, but they are costly and difficult for us to promote. Our city used chemical reaction method, namely sulfuric acid plus ammonium bicarbonate pit or plastic barrel to obtain CO2. However, this method does not have an accurate quantity concept. There are still hidden dangers to human body corrosion when adding chemical materials. In 1996, Beijing Changyi Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Factory produced a greenhouse gas fertilizer application device. This device produced CO2 and a small amount of harmful components through the combustion of coal. After filtration and two chemical reactions, harmful components were removed to obtain pure CO2 gas. After the experiment, the above two technologies can increase plant disease resistance, reduce pesticide application by 50%, increase production by more than 40%, and have good quality. The maturity period is 7 to 15 days ahead of schedule.
2. Assumption
(1) Improvement of the protection wall The cost of the protection wall accounts for more than one-third of the total price of the greenhouse. It is bulky and has many materials and is not easy to move. If a prefabricated structural element with good thermal insulation performance, light weight and low cost can be fabricated into a wall and a warm flue duct is built into the wall, it can bring a lot of benefits to the greenhouse.
(2) Development of facility machinery Since tractors and tillers burn diesel or gasoline during operation, the emitted gas pollutes humans and plants. It is recommended that manufacturers produce machines that burn natural gas or ethanol to further improve the working environment. At the same time, we should develop and introduce advanced planting, harvesting, and weaving equipment to achieve the mechanization of the major aspects of greenhouse production.
(3) Improvement of gas and fertilizer application equipment The coal-fired greenhouse gas fertilizer application device has achieved good results. It is recommended that manufacturers design and produce some large-scale equipment that can be used for more than a dozen or more greenhouses at the same time. Centralized management and technical management are also easy to formalize. The use of sulfuric acid and ammonium bicarbonate as raw materials, the use of chemical reactions to obtain CO2 gas is also very desirable, but to improve the quality of control, simple digging pits or plastic barrels to make the operation trouble is not easy to promote.
IV. Conclusions The development of greenhouses in the city has a good climate advantage. Each greenhouse investment is 7,000-10,000 yuan. Planting vegetables, strawberries, flowers, cherries and other easy-to-cultivate plants can be recovered in 2 to 3 years. With the development of facilities agriculture, industrialization, scale and mechanization, as well as the emergence of new building materials and the promotion of cultivation techniques, protected land cultivation will become the backbone of the city's agricultural production industry.
Second, the status quo at home and abroad developed countries in the development of facility agriculture, high starting, rapid progress, the Netherlands, Israel, South Korea and other countries, with a permanent steel frame as the main body, temperature, humidity, irrigation, top dressing, weeding, fighting drugs, Harvesting and packaging are mainly based on automation or mechanization, and the facilities are expensive. The unit cost of a general group of sheds is around RMB 140 per square meter. Although this type of facility can achieve high efficiency, under the current economic conditions in our country, the production-to-investment ratio is not reasonable.
China attaches great importance to the development of facility agriculture, and governments and authorities at all levels frequently formulate various tilting policies and give financial or material support. Up till now, the cultivated area of ​​the whole country has reached 80 million mu, and Laizhou has also reached 12,000 mu. The further strengthening of agricultural production by the central and local governments at all levels has undoubtedly brought new vitality to the development of facility agriculture.
Third, the optimization model of solar greenhouses The construction of solar greenhouses must meet the following conditions. First, there must be a strong insulation of the rear, side protection walls and inclined sunlight receiving surface; Second, there must be sufficient strength of the slope support frame and the slide to facilitate the rolling of the insulation curtain; Moreover, to design the irrigation infrastructure and facilitate the product The access to machinery and access to the control of equipment and equipment; in addition to sufficient base fertilizer in advance, excavation suitable for plant cultivation of the ditch, acupuncture points, while the soil for drug treatment. The location of the sheds should be selected in areas with good water conservancy conditions, thick soil layer, strong fertility and water conservation capacity, easy access to electricity, high-rise buildings, and areas far away from the dirt roads, and be relatively concentrated, so as to facilitate the full utilization of machines and the input of group facilities.
The existing greenhouses in Laizhou City can be divided into four types: wallless arch structures, mound compaction structures, grass mud stacking structures, and mortar masonry structures in accordance with the protective wall structure; And no column structure two. Now we introduce the improvement and promotion of greenhouses in our city as follows.
(1) No wall bamboo scaffolding In the early 1980s, under the guidance of scientists and technicians, Laizhou farmers used bamboo baskets to bundle and plant a long arched structure with plastic film on the surface to form a plastic arch. The structure of the greenhouse is low in strength, short in lifespan, poor in insulation performance and short in plant growth period. However, under the premise of low input at that time, appropriate sowing time can be advanced and the harvest period can be extended to obtain a certain time difference benefit. With the continuous increase of planting varieties and the development of social economy, greenhouses without walls and without insulation are gradually being eliminated.
(II) Test and selection of protection wall sheds In order to improve the insulation performance of greenhouses, on the basis of arched sheds, trials and trials have been carried out to construct sheds with pillars and non-pillared protective walls and covered with plastic films. Rolled single or double grass curtains, so that plants grow in greenhouses in the greenhouse for many years.
The protective wall of a greenhouse protects three functions: one is wind insulation, the other is solid bearing, and the third is to maintain enough space in the shed. Based on the above three aspects, we conducted tests and examinations. The results show that the protective wall can be constructed of three main materials: masonry, grass mud, and soil, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than -11°C. Body thickness 0.8 ~ 1m is appropriate (depending on plant species). In the construction of grass-mudstone protection walls, 15 kg of dry straw is used per cubic meter of straw, and evenly mixed with water, and no muddy water is allowed to seep out after the pressure is formed. The earth mound type protective wall is a bulldozer that uses a bulldozer to high-pressure solids. Slope protection, tangential compaction of the surface of the sun; grouted masonry protective walls are generally long U-shaped, facing north to south, east-west, leaving a side door in the eastern end wall or the western end wall that can pass through the machine, conditional areas, can be Outside the door, an 8 to 10 foot operation room is built. The outer door of the operation room is set to the south to prevent the north wind from entering.
Before 1997, most of the sheds built in Laizhou were bamboo structures, with columns to ensure that the structures had sufficient strength. The main beam of the new type of greenhouse is made up of magnesite prefabricated parts or steel frame structures. There are no columns in the shed, which can increase the planting area and facilitate the mechanical operation.
The main beam is horizontally pulled 26 wires, and is firmly tied with the main beam, and then placed 1 ~ 1.5cm diameter bamboo poles (spacing 30 ~ 35cm) and tied tightly with the wire. The plastic film is laid on the bamboo basket, and the film is covered with a single layer or a double layer of straw curtains. The straw curtain is braided with straw and hemp rope, and the thickness is 5 to 8 cm and the width is 150 to 200 cm.
Standard front sheds have different floor areas. This not only inconveniences preparation and construction, but also causes waste of materials. After the standardization, the width of the shed is 10m in the north and south, and the length of the shed can be appropriately shortened or lengthened by a multiple of 10m. The length is determined to be 70m, so that the greenhouse area is 700m2.
(III) Selection and Assumption of Machinery
1. With the continuous expansion of the production scale of the greenhouses and the formation of industrialization, the need for machinery in the shed has become more and more urgent. Laizhou is now powered by a 4.5- to 5.9-kw walking tractor or pastoral mini tiller, supporting single-hoe plows, rotary cultivators, and drug pumps to perform tillage, seeding, spraying, and weeding operations. The degree of satisfaction has been achieved.
In greenhouse irrigation, most channels or semi-fixed pipelines are watered along the planting line, which results in a serious waste of water and an unsatisfactory environment for plant growth. In the past two years, we have conducted tests on drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, and micro-sprinkler irrigation in some greenhouses, saving more than 40% of water and increasing production by more than 28%. Although one-time investment is relatively large, the ratio of production to investment is objective, and three years is sufficient to recover the input cost.
The increase of gas and fertilizer application is an important way to increase the concentration of CO2 in greenhouses, promote photosynthesis of plants, and obtain high-yield and high-quality fruits. Since greenhouses rarely ventilate, in the case of good sunshine, due to photosynthesis of plants, the concentration of CO2 in the greenhouse is far less than that in the atmosphere, which directly restricts the growth and quality of plants. It is mainly obtained by burning hydrocarbons (natural gas, white kerosene, etc.) to obtain CO2 or direct release of liquefied CO2. These methods are relatively simple, but they are costly and difficult for us to promote. Our city used chemical reaction method, namely sulfuric acid plus ammonium bicarbonate pit or plastic barrel to obtain CO2. However, this method does not have an accurate quantity concept. There are still hidden dangers to human body corrosion when adding chemical materials. In 1996, Beijing Changyi Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Factory produced a greenhouse gas fertilizer application device. This device produced CO2 and a small amount of harmful components through the combustion of coal. After filtration and two chemical reactions, harmful components were removed to obtain pure CO2 gas. After the experiment, the above two technologies can increase plant disease resistance, reduce pesticide application by 50%, increase production by more than 40%, and have good quality. The maturity period is 7 to 15 days ahead of schedule.
2. Assumption
(1) Improvement of the protection wall The cost of the protection wall accounts for more than one-third of the total price of the greenhouse. It is bulky and has many materials and is not easy to move. If a prefabricated structural element with good thermal insulation performance, light weight and low cost can be fabricated into a wall and a warm flue duct is built into the wall, it can bring a lot of benefits to the greenhouse.
(2) Development of facility machinery Since tractors and tillers burn diesel or gasoline during operation, the emitted gas pollutes humans and plants. It is recommended that manufacturers produce machines that burn natural gas or ethanol to further improve the working environment. At the same time, we should develop and introduce advanced planting, harvesting, and weaving equipment to achieve the mechanization of the major aspects of greenhouse production.
(3) Improvement of gas and fertilizer application equipment The coal-fired greenhouse gas fertilizer application device has achieved good results. It is recommended that manufacturers design and produce some large-scale equipment that can be used for more than a dozen or more greenhouses at the same time. Centralized management and technical management are also easy to formalize. The use of sulfuric acid and ammonium bicarbonate as raw materials, the use of chemical reactions to obtain CO2 gas is also very desirable, but to improve the quality of control, simple digging pits or plastic barrels to make the operation trouble is not easy to promote.
IV. Conclusions The development of greenhouses in the city has a good climate advantage. Each greenhouse investment is 7,000-10,000 yuan. Planting vegetables, strawberries, flowers, cherries and other easy-to-cultivate plants can be recovered in 2 to 3 years. With the development of facilities agriculture, industrialization, scale and mechanization, as well as the emergence of new building materials and the promotion of cultivation techniques, protected land cultivation will become the backbone of the city's agricultural production industry.
Ningxia Kofolon International Co.,Ltd make and export dry spicy Horseradish Flakes.We have our horseradish planting base with 5000 acres.Our dry spicy horseradish flakes is used as material for sushi condiments for Japanese food,sea food and fashion food. Our dry spicy horseradish flakes with high quality and suitable price in the market and well sold in Japan,Korea,America,Europe,Brazil,Taiwan,South-East Asia,etc.
We can made dry spicy horseradish flakes as your request,such as quality,price,packing,grade.,etc.
More details is following.
Packing :20kgs/CTN 900CTNS/40'HC
Ingredients:horseradish
Delivery:20 days
MOQ:1000KGS
Dehydrated Horseradish Flakes,Horseradish Flakes,Dry Horseradish Flakes,Dehydrated Horseradish
NINGXIA KOFOLON INTERNATIONAL CO.,LTD. , http://www.kofolon.com