First, the cause of the summer corn production can not be improved
1. The application of new varieties and new technologies is difficult. First, due to the rising prices of agricultural production materials such as fertilizers, agricultural film, seeds, and diesel oil, it will offset the preferential policies of the state to support grain production to a certain extent, affecting farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, and increasing the promotion of new varieties and new technologies. Application difficulty. Second, around new varieties and new technologies, the main training is not enough, and the demonstration efforts are not great, which affects the penetration rate of good varieties.
2. The seedling density is unreasonable. The density of maize seedlings varies depending on the variety, soil fertility and fertilizer management conditions. Too dense and too thin will limit the increase in yield. In production, some people blindly expand planting density regardless of variety characteristics and other conditions, resulting in field closure, lack of daylighting, photosynthesis blocked, vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders, increased empty stalk rate, reduced 1000-grain weight, affecting yield; In order to reduce seed investment and eliminate the process of determining the seedlings, the amount of sowing is reduced during planting, resulting in too low density, resulting in reduced production.
3. Improper fertilization methods. According to our investigation, the problem of corn fertilization is that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too high, and some farmers apply more than 19 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, ignoring the use of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is unreasonable, resulting in soil. Nutrient imbalance, fertilizer utilization is not high. Second, a small number of farmers do not follow the principle of fertilization at the age of leaf, and they can mix fertilizers at will, which cannot meet the demand for nutrients in each stage of growth.
4, irrigation is not timely, there is a rain and rain. The growth of maize plants is high, and the growth period is in the hot and hot season. The leaf transpiration and the evaporation between plants are large, so the water demand is large. It is difficult to meet the growth and development needs only by rainfall, and must be supplemented by irrigation. The lack of water in each growth period has different effects on corn yield. The lack of water during the seedling, jointing, tasseling and filling stages is not conducive to corn growth, especially during the flowering period, which will worsen the fertilization conditions and cause grain loss and baldness. In actual production, most farmers have the idea of ​​relying on the rain and the rain. When the drought is serious, the “life-saving water†is poured. Because the irrigation is not timely, the water supply in the critical period cannot be guaranteed, affecting the normal growth and development of corn, resulting in reduced corn production.
Second, several technical measures to improve summer corn yield
1. Vigorously promote the application of new varieties and new technologies. The high yield of corn, the variety is the key, and the management is the focus. In production, it is necessary to strengthen new varieties, new technologies and standardized production training, build good demonstration points for good varieties, organize new varieties and new technology on-site observation activities, promote large-scale application of new varieties and new technologies, and lay a foundation for summer maize to increase production. Good foundation. In our county, Zhengdan 958, Qidan 20, Shendan No. 10, and Nongda 108, which are medium and early maturing, high quality, high yield and resistant to pests and diseases, should be selected to promote hard live broadcast, no-till live broadcast and long-term slow effect of corn. Fertilization and other technologies.
2, check seedlings to replenish seedlings, timely seedlings, and reasonable close planting. After 5-7 days of corn sowing, it is necessary to go to the field to check the emergence of the seedlings. It is found that the phenomenon of stagnation of the missing plants should be replanted or replanted in time. When 3-4 leaves are fixed once, the seedling density should be determined according to the characteristics of the selected varieties and the level of soil. The compact variety has 3,500-4,000 mu per seedlings, and 3000 to 3,500 mu of perennial and large-eared varieties. If the fertility is good, stay more properly, and vice versa.
3. Scientific fertilization. Adhere to the principle of “strive for the application of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, heavy application of joint fertilizer, supplementation of panicle fertilizerâ€, and combine organic and inorganic fertilizers to implement formula fertilization. Generally, the whole corn growth period is 13-15 kg of pure nitrogen, 7-8 kg of pure phosphorus pentoxide, and 5-10 kg of pure potassium oxide, and is appropriately adjusted according to the target yield. Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 20% of the seed fertilizer, the jointing fertilizer (seven-leaf extension) accounted for 60%, and the panicle fertilizer (11-leaf extension) accounted for 20%. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required to be applied as a base fertilizer. Conditionally strive to apply 2000-3000 kg of organic manure per acre.
4. Guarantee the water supply during the critical period of fertility. When the soil moisture content after sowing is less than 17%, the jointing stage is lower than 16%, the tasseling period is lower than 17%, and the filling period is lower than 18%. Generally, the whole growth period should be irrigated 3-4 times to ensure the water supply during the critical period of fertility.
5. Control pests in time. The main pests that harm summer corn in our county are armyworms and corn borers. The majority of farmers should regularly observe the occurrence of pests in the field according to the pest information of the county plant protection station, and timely control when the pests reach the control indicators. Control the armyworm, spray with 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times. For the control of corn mash, 2 kg of danfuran granules per mus can be placed in the corn heart leaves, and about 0.5 g per plant.
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