China's total pear cultivation area is 1.074 million hectares, with a total output of 14.62 million tons, accounting for 72% and 65% of the world's pear cultivation area and production, respectively. Although China is a big country for pear production, it is not a production power. The outstanding problems are as follows: 1. The variety structure is irrational and the varieties are aging. Such as pears, pears, pears, huanghuali, etc., the proportion is too high, the market price is low. Second, the variety update is slow, and the "high-reform" technology is backward. The traditional "high-change" method uses the main bark to connect. Due to the low high coupling coefficient and slow recovery of the canopy, the growth balance broken by the "high change" is difficult to establish, which often leads to the occurrence of "high-change" disease, which seriously affects the efficiency of structural adjustment of pear varieties in China. The "high-replacement" technology is a practical, easy-to-operate and efficient pear cultivation for these problems. "Easy operation, easy to understand at a glance, high school, high coupling coefficient, quick crown and yield recovery" new technology.
The Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Pear Engineering Technology Research Center of Nanjing Agricultural University have developed a new technology of “high-replacement†of pear trees with “main branch (dry) hole-plugging + small branch cutting and abdomen connectionâ€. Technical points: First, on the basis of retaining the original number of main branches of the base 3 to 5, keep the center dry, and leave the remaining main branches (dry) 1.5 to 2 meters short, the original tree The shape is transformed into a high-efficiency tree shape of “dry cylindrical shape with multiple main branches in the baseâ€. Second, for perennial bare branches (dry), by punching holes in the phloem, a bud can be easily inserted to fill the gap in the crown. 3. Cut the branches of 1 to 2 cm in diameter on the main branch (dry) as short as 8 to 10 cm for cutting, usually more than 20 scions can be grafted on the main branch (dry), a 20-40 The annual tree can be grafted with 100 to 200 scions. The canopy can be restored in the same year, the second year will be the result, and the third year will restore the output.
In the main pear producing areas such as Hebei, Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei, Hebei, Liaoning, Sichuan and other provinces and cities to promote an area of ​​more than 1 million acres, effectively reducing the original traditional (or local) varieties and old varieties The ratio promotes the adjustment of the pear variety structure. At present, the structure of early, middle and late ripe varieties is about 55:25:20, which is relatively reasonable.
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